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The impact of social relationships on the maintenance of independence in advanced old age: findings of a Swiss longitudinal study

Der Einfluss des Beziehungslebens auf die Erhaltung der Unabhängigkeit im hohen Greisenalter: Forschungsergebnisse einer Schweizerischen longitudinalen Studie

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Summary

The impact of social relationships on the maintenance of independence over periods of 12–18 months in a group of 306 octogenarians is assessed in this study. The study is based on the results of the Swilsoo (Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old). Participants (80–84 years old at baseline) were interviewed five times between 1994 and 1999. Independence was defined as the capacity to perform without assistance eight activities of daily living. We distinguished in our analyses kinship and friendship networks and evaluated social relationships with the help of a series of variables serving as indicators of network composition and contact frequency. Logistic regression models were used to identify the short-term effects of social relationships on independence, after controlling for sociodemographic and health-related variables; independence at a given wave of interviews was interpreted in the light of social factors measured at the previous wave. Our analyses indicate that the existence of a close friend has a significant impact on the maintenance of independence (OR=1.58, p<0.05), which is not the case with the other variables concerning network composition. Kinship contacts were also observed to have a positive impact on independence (OR=1.12, p<0.01).

Zusammenfassung

Diese Studie untersucht für eine Population im hohen Greisenalter den Einfluss des Beziehungslebens auf die Erhaltung der Unabhängigkeit über einen Zeitraum von 12 oder 18 Monaten, wobei sie zwischen familiären und freundschaftlichen Netzen unterscheidet. Sie basiert auf die ersten fünf Gesprächswellen (1994 bis 1999) der Swilsoo (Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old). 360 Personen—zu Beginn im Alter von 80 bis 84 Jahren—wurden für die Analysen ausgewählt. Die Unabhängigkeit wurde definiert als die Fähigkeit, acht Tätigkeiten des täglichen Lebens ohne Hilfe auszuführen. Was das Beziehungsleben anbetrifft, so verfügte man über eine Reihe von Variablen hinsichtlich der Zusammensetzung der Netze und der Frequenz der Kontakte. Logistische Regressionsmodelle wurden durchgeführt, wobei die Unabhängigkeit in einer gegebenen Welle durch die in der vorangegangenen Welle gemessenen sozialen Faktoren unter Kontrolle der soziodemographischen und gesundheitsbezogenen Variablen erklärt wird. Das Vorhandensein einer Freundesperson trägt in signifikanter Weise zur Aufrechterhaltung der Unabhängigkeit bei (OR=1,58, p<0,05), was bei den sonstigen, die Zusammensetzung der Netze betreffenden Variablen nicht der Fall war. Man konstatiert ebenfalls einen positiven Einfluss familiärer Kontakte auf die funktionelle Gesundheit (OR=1,12, p<0,01).

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Pin, S., Guilley, E., Spini, D. et al. The impact of social relationships on the maintenance of independence in advanced old age: findings of a Swiss longitudinal study. Z Gerontol Geriatr 38, 203–209 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-005-0250-9

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