Abstract
High-throughput sequencing, culture-dependent workflows, and microbiome transfer experiments reveal whether potassium phosphite (KP), an environmentally acceptable agricultural chemical, could specifically enrich the antagonistic bacterial community that inhibited the growth of the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. The application of KP enriched the potential antagonistic bacteria Paenibacillus and Streptomyces in soil, but depleted most dominant genera belonging to gram negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Massilia, and Flavobacterium on day 7. Moreover, the KP-modulated soil microbiome suppressed R. solanacearum growth in soil. The predicted functions related to the synthesis of antagonistic substances, such as streptomycin, and the predicted functions related to tellurite resistance and nickel transport system were significantly enriched, but the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide (distinct component lipopolysaccharide in gram negative bacteria) were significantly depleted in the KP-treated soils. In addition, the copy numbers of specific sequences for Streptomyces coelicoflavus and Paenibacillus favisporus were significantly increased in the soil amended with KP, inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum, and had a higher tolerance of KP than R. solanacearum. Our study linked the application of fertilizers to the enrichment of antagonistic bacteria, which could support future work that aims to precisely regulate the soil microbiome to protect the host from infection by soil-borne pathogens.
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The raw sequences were submitted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under BioProject accession PRJNA577427. The whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers PRJNA579492 (strain Y7) and PRJNA577208 (strain F13).
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Ms. Chao Zhou and Ms. Zhenghua Wu for technical assistance. Publication number 7417 of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW).
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This work was supported by the Chinese Natural Science Fund Program (41571242).
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Lv Su composed the main text, conceived the project, and performed almost all experiments except for the following. Haichao Feng analyzed the data of high throughput sequencing and provided suggestions of ecology concepts. Xingxia Mo and Juan Sun isolated strains from soils. Pengfei Qiu extracted soil DNA. Yunpeng Liu, Eiko E. Kuramae, and Ruifu Zhang provided suggestions for the manuscript. Biao Shen and Qirong Shen organized and supervised the project, respectively.
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Su, L., Feng, H., Mo, X. et al. Potassium phosphite enhanced the suppressive capacity of the soil microbiome against the tomato pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Biol Fertil Soils 58, 553–563 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-022-01634-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-022-01634-z