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Fungal endophyte Penicillium janthinellum LK5 can reduce cadmium toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum (Sitiens and Rhe)

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Abstract

We investigated the role of gibberellins-producing endophyte Penicillium janthinellum LK5 associated with Solanum lycopersicum (host), abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient tomato mutant Sitiens and its wild-type Rheinlands Ruhm (Rhe) plants under cadmium (Cd) stress. A 100-μM Cd application to host, Sitiens and Rhe reduced the shoot growth, chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. However, these parameters were significantly (P < 0.0011) higher (1.0- to 2.6-folds) in host, Sitiens and Rhe under endophytic association than in non-endophyte infected plants (control) under Cd stress. Furthermore, endophytic association minimized the Cd-induced membrane injury and oxidative stress to host, Sitiens and Rhe plants by reducing electrolytes and lipid peroxidation while increasing the content of reduced glutathione and catalase activities as compared to non-endophyte-infected plants. Stress-responsive ABA content significantly increased (∼2-folds) in Sitiens and Rhe under endophyte association, while in host plants it was decreased under Cd stress. Salicylic acid content was ∼ 1.7-fold higher in host, Sitiens and Rhe plants under Cd stress and endophyte association than in the control. Besides gibberellins production, the endophyte has the potential to solubilize phosphates (12.73 ± 0.24 mg/l) since higher P was observed in the roots of Sitiens, Rhe and host plants. Similarly, nutrients like sulfur and calcium were more efficiently assimilated in roots of endophyte-associated plants than control under Cd stress. Conversely, Cd accumulation was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in the roots of endophyte-inoculated host, Sitiens and Rhe than control. In conclusion, endophyte symbiosis can counteract heavy metal stress which can exert negative effects on plant growth.

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Acknowledgment

The present research work was funded by the Eco-Innovation Project, Korean Government's R&D program on Environmental Technology and Development, Republic of Korea. The authors are thankful to anonymous reviewers and Prof. Paolo Nannipieri for valuable suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman

    Abdul Latif Khan, Javid Hussain & Ahmed Al-Harrasi

  2. School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea

    Muhammad Waqas & In-Jung Lee

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  1. Abdul Latif Khan
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  2. Muhammad Waqas
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  3. Javid Hussain
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Correspondence to In-Jung Lee.

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Khan, A.L., Waqas, M., Hussain, J. et al. Fungal endophyte Penicillium janthinellum LK5 can reduce cadmium toxicity in Solanum lycopersicum (Sitiens and Rhe). Biol Fertil Soils 50, 75–85 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-013-0833-3

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