Abstract
Successful exploitation of bacterial inoculants in agriculture requires that the inoculant can colonize the crop rhizosphere and then express the gene(s) of interest. This study focuses on two glucose-metabolizing genes that are associated with the inorganic phosphate solubilization phenotype of Pseudomonas fluorescens: gcd, which encodes glucose dehydrogenase, and pqqB, which encodes a cofactor required for Gcd activity. Tn5-lux-gene fusions were created to assess the expression of these genes in situ on roots of two maize hybrids, DK315 and PR37Y15. Expression was compared to in vitro levels in the presence of root exudates and different carbon sources. Although root exudates from both varieties triggered similar levels of expression in in vitro cultures, there was a marked difference in situ, where significantly higher expression levels of both genes were observed on DK315 roots. This correlates with a higher level of rhizosphere colonization by the inoculant on this hybrid (over PR37Y15) and illustrates the importance of monitoring both colonization and expression levels in tandem. In addition to demonstrating expression of these important genes in the rhizosphere, this study also illustrates that variation can exist between cultivars or varieties and demonstrates a methodology to monitor the expression of genes of interest in the rhizosphere of the selected crop variety on which the inoculant is to be applied.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported in part by grants awarded by the Science Foundation of Ireland (04/BR/B0597, 07/IN.1/B948, 08/RFP/GEN1319, 08/RFP/GEN1295, SFI09/RFP/BMT 2350), the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (DAF RSF 06–321, DAF RSF 06–377, FIRM 08/RDC/629), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2006-PhD-S-21, EPA 2008-PhD-S-2), the European Commission (FP6#036314, MTKD-CT2006-042062, C&CRA 2007/082, TRAMWAYS), the Marine Institute (Beaufort award), and the HRB (RP/2006/271, RP/2007/290, HRA/2009/146). The authors thank members of the Micromaize consortium for their helpful discussions, Pat Higgins for technical support, and members of the Biomerit Research Centre for their support and scientific input.
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Rice, O., Miller, S.H., Morrissey, J.P. et al. Exploitation of glucose catabolic gene fusions to investigate in situ expression during Pseudomonas–plant interactions. Biol Fertil Soils 48, 235–238 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0586-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0586-9