Abstract
Direct measurements of deep-brain and body-core temperature were performed on rats to determine the influence of cerebral blood flow (CBF) on brain temperature regulation under static and dynamic conditions. Static changes of CBF were achieved using different anesthetics (chloral hydrate, CH; α-chloralose, αCS; and isoflurane, IF) with αCS causing larger decreases in CBF than CH and IF; dynamic changes were achieved by inducing transient hypercapnia (5% CO2 in 40% O2 and 55% N2). Initial deep-brain/body-core temperature differentials were anesthetic-type dependent with the largest differential observed with rats under αCS anesthesia (ca. 2°C). Hypercapnia induction raised rat brain temperature under all three anesthesia regimes, but by different anesthetic-dependent amounts correlated with the initial differentials—αCS anesthesia resulted in the largest brain temperature increase (0.32 ± 0.08°C), while CH and IF anesthesia lead to smaller increases (0.12 ± 0.03 and 0.16 ± 0.05°C, respectively). The characteristic temperature transition time for the hypercapnia-induced temperature increase was 2–3 min under CH and IF anesthesia and ~4 min under αCS anesthesia. We conclude that both, the deep-brain/body-core temperature differential and the characteristic temperature transition time correlate with CBF: a lower CBF promotes higher deep-brain/body-core temperature differentials and, upon hypercapnia challenge, longer characteristic transition times to increased temperatures.
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Abbreviations
- OEF:
-
Oxygen extraction fraction
- CBF:
-
Cerebral blood flow
- CH:
-
Chloral hydrate
- IF:
-
Isoflurane
- αCS:
-
α-Chloralose
- MABP:
-
Mean arterial blood pressure
- FiO2 :
-
Fraction of inspired oxygen
- CMRO2 :
-
Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Sukstanskii for helpful discussion. This study was supported by NIH Grants RO1-NS41519 and R24-CA83060 (Small Animal Imaging Resource Program)
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Communicated by H. V. Carey.
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Zhu, M., Ackerman, J.J.H. & Yablonskiy, D.A. Body and brain temperature coupling: the critical role of cerebral blood flow. J Comp Physiol B 179, 701–710 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-009-0352-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-009-0352-6