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Allgemeine Substanzklassen und Pharmakologie bei Glaukom

General substance classification and pharmacology of glaucoma

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Zusammenfassung

Die medikamentöse Therapie der Glaukome datiert zurück auf das Jahr 1875. Weber führte in diesem Jahr das Pilocarpin in die medikamentöse Behandlung der Glaukome ein. Seitdem hat es eine beständige Weiterentwicklung lokaler Antiglaukomatosa gegeben, wobei der Schwerpunkt der Entwicklung in den 80er/90er-Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts lag. Grundsätzlich zielen alle Medikamente in der Glaukomtherapie darauf ab, den Augeninnendruck zu senken. Sie tun dies entweder durch die Verbesserung des Kammerwasserabflusses über die physiologischen Drainagewege oder aber durch Hemmung der Kammerwassersekretion im Ziliarkörper. Der Beitrag verschafft einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Substanzklassen, ihre Indikationen und Kontraindikationen sowie die pharmakologischen Besonderheiten. Auf den immer unübersichtlicher werdenden Markt der Kombinations- und Generikapräparate soll gesondert eingegangen werden.

Abstract

The pharmaceutical therapy of glaucoma dates back to 1875 when Weber introduced pilocarpine into the medicinal treatment of glaucoma. Since then there has been a continuous development of topical antiglaucoma therapy whereby the main developments date back to the 1980s and 1990s. All forms of medicinal therapy aim at lowering the intraocular pressure and achieve this either by inhibiting aqueous humor secretion into the ciliary body or by enhancing physiological drainage routes along Schlemm’s canal. This article gives an overview over the most important classes of antiglaucoma drugs, the indications and contraindications as well as pharmacological characteristics. The focus lies on the market of combination and generic drug preparations that is currently rapidly developing and therefore needs to be discussed in detail.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. H. Thieme, G. Renieri und C. Schuart geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to H. Thieme.

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Thieme, H., Renieri, G. & Schuart, C. Allgemeine Substanzklassen und Pharmakologie bei Glaukom. Ophthalmologe 110, 1149–1154 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-012-2676-y

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