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Genome-Wide Characterization, Evolution, and Expression Analysis of the Ascorbate Peroxidase and Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Families in Response to Cold and Osmotic Stress in Ammopiptanthus nanus

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Abstract

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are two families of essential peroxidases that maintain redox balance in cells by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Ammopiptanthus nanus is a rare broad-leaved evergreen shrub that lives in the temperate desert areas of Central Asia and exhibits strong resistance to low temperature and water stress. GPX and APX family members might contribute to the stress response of A. nanus by participating in reactive oxygen species scavenging. In the present study, APX and GPX family members in A. nanus were identified and their structure, evolution, and expression patterns under stress conditions were investigated. A total of 8 GPX genes, 6 APX genes, and 1 APX-like gene were identified in A. nanus, and these genes were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes. These APXs and GPXs showed conservation in amino acid sequence, three-dimensional structure, and intron–exon structure. The GPX gene family in A. nanus expanded in gene number, and the expansions were mainly driven by segmental duplication caused by large-scale duplication events in the evolution of Tribe Sophoreae and might play important roles in the freezing and drought tolerance in A. nanus. Expression profiling based on RNA-seq datasets and qRT-PCR analysis showed that most of the APX and GPX members were differentially expressed under osmotic and cold stress, which is in line with the high copies of stress and hormone response-related cis-acting elements predicted from the promoters of the APX and GPX family genes. The study provided new insight into the evolution of APX and GPX family and promoted the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the stress tolerance of A. nanus.

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Data Availability

Reviewer link created for sequencing data: SRR11087599—SRR11087604 https://dataview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/object/PRJNA606701?reviewer=gbki2lq3ssbmc0psm6lv050o0m, SRR11089024—SRR11089029 https://dataview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/object/PRJNA606763?reviewer=o3qunru9tm14mma28jrk1nrah2, SRR11262903—SRR11262908 https://dataview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/object/PRJNA611040?reviewer=edl67d9oj6kt6aqmrpc8698oac

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Funding

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 31670335 and 31770363, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission (No. KLEEMA202106), and the Ministry of Education of China through 111 and "Double First-Class" projects, grant number B08044 and Yldxxk201819.

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  1. Ying Wang and Shilin Cao have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, # 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China

    Ying Wang, Shilin Cao, Xiangyu Sui, Jing Wang, Yuke Geng, Fei Gao & Yijun Zhou

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  1. Ying Wang
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Contributions

Conceptualization, FG and YZ; Formal analysis, YW, XS, SC and YG; Funding acquisition, FG and YZ; Investigation, YW, FG and JW; Methodology, XS; Visualization, XS; Writing—original draft, SC, YW and FG; Writing—review & editing, FG and YZ.

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Table S4. Ka, Ks, and KaKs calculation of the paralogous gene pairs in thee collinear blocks

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Wang, Y., Cao, S., Sui, X. et al. Genome-Wide Characterization, Evolution, and Expression Analysis of the Ascorbate Peroxidase and Glutathione Peroxidase Gene Families in Response to Cold and Osmotic Stress in Ammopiptanthus nanus. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 502–522 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10570-5

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