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Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Cd Tolerance and Phytoremediation Efficiency by Ameliorating Cd-Induced Stress in Oilseed Crops: A Review

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Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is of increasing global concern as it adversely impacts different spheres including pedosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and humansphere. Cadmium (Cd) contamination of agriculture soil has become a thoughtful challenge across the globe due to uncontrolled anthropogenic activities, limiting agricultural productivity and disturbing eco-environment sustainability. Sustainable mitigation strategies are, therefore, required for effective Cd decontamination. Biostimulation is a promising method to improve and stimulate life processes of plants in general and oilseed crops in particular, without posing threats to eco-environment sustainability and safer food production. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a recognized pleiotropic molecule, has emerged as a research highlight regarding its role as an effective natural plant growth promoter, a broad spectrum antioxidant, and more specifically an efficient biostimulator to improve Cd-induced tolerance of plants for phytoremediation purposes and simultaneous biofuel production. This review provides a novel insight to understand the multifunctional role of melatonin in improving Cd phytoremediation capacity together with reducing phytotoxicity in oilseed crops, which was not previously assessed. Among oilseed crops, Brassicaceae spp. have unique stress adaptive mechanisms with exceptionally high Cd accumulating capabilities, apart from the diverse agri-horticultural importance. Interestingly, the discovery of dynamic approaches regarding melatonin application helped to better understand the basic mechanisms involved in melatonin-mediated responses against Cd stress in oilseed crops. Our review will provide a useful basis for the development of alternative strategies to genetically engineer low-Cd-content oilseed crops, with the aim of improving eco-friendly crop production and ensuring food safety. Furthermore, future researches will be supposed to provide more genetic evidences about Cd-induced melatonin regulation in higher plants.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program, China (Grant No. T20180413), National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFD0800807), Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Project (Grant Nos. 20392001000, 20dz1204804), and Project of Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China in 2020 (Grant No. KF2020012).

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Author notes

  1. Xijia Yang is co-first author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Saiqa Menhas, Xijia Yang, Kashif Hayat, Yuanfei Zhou & Pei Zhou

  2. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Saiqa Menhas, Xijia Yang, Kashif Hayat, Yuanfei Zhou & Pei Zhou

  3. Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Tariq Aftab

  4. UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic Within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development & Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia

    Jochen Bundschuh

  5. Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Marino Bañón Arnao

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  1. Saiqa Menhas
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  2. Xijia Yang
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  3. Kashif Hayat
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  6. Marino Bañón Arnao
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  7. Yuanfei Zhou
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  8. Pei Zhou
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Contributions

SM: Data curation and Writing—original draft. XY: Conceptualization. KH, TA, JB, MBA, and YZ: Writing—review & editing. PZ: Conceptualization and Funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Pei Zhou.

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Menhas, S., Yang, X., Hayat, K. et al. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Cd Tolerance and Phytoremediation Efficiency by Ameliorating Cd-Induced Stress in Oilseed Crops: A Review. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 922–935 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10349-8

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