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Growth, electronic and magnetic properties of doped ZnO epitaxial and nanocrystalline films

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Abstract

We have used oxygen plasma assisted metal organic chemical vapor deposition along with wet chemical synthesis and spin coating to prepare CoxZn1-xO and MnxZn1-xO epitaxial and nanoparticle films. Co(II) and Mn(II) substitute for Zn(II) in the wurtzite lattice in materials synthesized by both methods. Room-temperature ferromagnetism in epitaxial Co:ZnO films can be reversibly activated by diffusing in Zn, which occupies interstitial sites and makes the material n-type. O-capped Co:ZnO nanoparticles, which are paramagnetic as grown, become ferromagnetic upon being spin coated in air at elevated temperature. Likewise, spin-coated N-capped Mn:ZnO nanoparticle films also exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism. However, the inverse systems, N-capped Co:ZnO and O-capped Mn:ZnO, are entirely paramagnetic when spin coated into films in the same way. Analysis of optical absorption spectra reveals that the resonances Co(I)↔Co(II)+e- CB and Mn(III)↔Mn(II)+h+ VB are energetically favorable, consistent with strong hybridization of Co (Mn) with the conduction (valence) band of ZnO. In contrast, the resonances Mn(I)↔Mn(II)+e- CB and Co(III)↔Co(II)+h+ VB are not energetically favorable. These results strongly suggest that the observed ferromagnetism in Co:ZnO (Mn:ZnO) is mediated by electrons (holes).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fundamental Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, MS K8-80, Richland, WA, 99352, USA

    S.A. Chambers

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, PO Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA

    D.A. Schwartz, W.K. Liu, K.R. Kittilstved & D.R. Gamelin

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  1. S.A. Chambers
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  2. D.A. Schwartz
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  3. W.K. Liu
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  4. K.R. Kittilstved
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  5. D.R. Gamelin
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Correspondence to S.A. Chambers.

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75.50.Pp

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Chambers, S., Schwartz, D., Liu, W. et al. Growth, electronic and magnetic properties of doped ZnO epitaxial and nanocrystalline films. Appl. Phys. A 88, 1–5 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-3948-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-3948-2

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