Abstract
Some reef corals form stable, dominant or codominant associations with multiple endosymbiotic dinoflagellate species (family Symbiodiniaceae). Given the immense genetic and physiological diversity within this family, Symbiodiniaceae community composition has the potential to impact the nutritional physiology and fitness of the cnidarian host and all associated symbionts. Here we assessed the impact of the symbiont community composition on the metabolome of the coral Montipora capitata in Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i, where different colonies can be dominated by stress-tolerant Durusdinium glynnii or stress-sensitive Cladocopium spp. Based on our existing knowledge of these symbiont taxa, we hypothesised that the metabolite profile of D. glynnii-dominated corals would be consistent with poorer nutritional support of the host relative to those corals dominated by Cladocopium spp. However, comparative metabolite profiling revealed that the metabolite pools of the host and symbiont were unaffected by differences in the abundance of the two symbionts within the community. The abundance of the individual metabolites was the same in the host and in the endosymbiont regardless of whether the host was populated with D. glynnii or Cladocopium spp. These results suggest that coral-dinoflagellate symbioses have the potential to undergo physiological adjustments over time to accommodate differences in their resident symbionts. Such mechanisms may involve host heterotrophic compensation (increasing the level of nutrition generated by feeding relative to delivery from the algae), dynamic regulation of metabolic pathways when exchange of metabolites between the organisms differs, and/or modification of both the type and quantity of metabolites that are exchanged. We discuss these adjustments and the implications for the physiology and survival of reef corals under changing environmental regimes.
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Acknowledgements
All corals were collected under State of Hawai‘i Division of Aquatic Resources Special Activity Permit SAP-2016-58. The authors acknowledge Siria Natera, Nirupama Samanmalie Jayasinghe and Himasha Mendis for their contributions to the GC–MS analysis performed at Metabolomics Australia (School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia), a NCRIS initiative under Bioplatforms Australia Pty Ltd. This work was supported by the Royal Society Te Apārangi Marsden Fund (Grant No. 1202 awarded to S.K.D., A.R.G. and V.M.W.). We dedicate this manuscript to our dear friend and mentor, the eternally inspirational Dr. Ruth Gates.
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Matthews, J.L., Cunning, R., Ritson-Williams, R. et al. Metabolite pools of the reef building coral Montipora capitata are unaffected by Symbiodiniaceae community composition. Coral Reefs 39, 1727–1737 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01999-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01999-3