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Plant economy and territory exploitation in the Alps during the Neolithic (5000–4200 cal bc): first results of archaeobotanical studies in the Valais (Switzerland)

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Abstract

This paper presents the archaeobotanical study of several Neolithic settlements located in the Valais, the upper part of the Rhone Valley, in Switzerland. The archaeological sites are dated between 5000 and 4200 cal bc, which corresponds to the Early and the Middle Neolithic. Most of the sites are situated around 500–600 m, overhanging the alluvial plain of the Rhone. First results of the macroremains analysis show that cereals, comprising mainly naked wheat (Triticum aestivum s.l./durum/turgidum) and barley (Hordeum distichum/vulgare), are predominant. In addition, pea (Pisum sativum) and opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) are recorded. Gathered plants are sparse, and this from the first establishment of farmers around 5000 cal bc. If we compare the obtained results with data from the Northern French Alps, not far from the Valais, we get a completely different picture of the Neolithic plant economy. In the northern French Alps the communities exploited all vegetation levels from the collinean to the subalpine belt, gathered plants playing an important role alongside the cultivated species. Our first results are giving a new insight into the first agro-pastoral communities in the Swiss Alps; they are allowing us to understand how plant resources were exploited in a mountainous context and to outline the catchment area of the settlements.

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Acknowledgments

This study is part of a project called “First farmers in the Alps: an archaeobotanical approach on Neolithic agriculture and plant diet in Valais” supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project no. PMPDP1_139632). I thank Dominique Baudais, Philippe Curdy, the team of ARIA in Sion, Alain Gallay and Marie Besse from the Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology of the University of Geneva, François Wiblé and the Service cantonal d’Archéologie du Valais, Stefanie Jacomet and Stephanie Thiébault for their support in this project. Patricia Vandorpe and Danièle Martinoli are gratefully acknowledged for their remarks and corrections.

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  1. Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, Institut F. A. Forel, Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement, Université de Genève, 18 route des Acacias, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland

    Lucie Martin

  2. EDYTEM, Université de Savoie, CNRS Pôle Montagne, 73376, Le Bourget Du Lac, France

    Lucie Martin

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Correspondence to Lucie Martin.

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Communicated by S. M. Valamoti.

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Martin, L. Plant economy and territory exploitation in the Alps during the Neolithic (5000–4200 cal bc): first results of archaeobotanical studies in the Valais (Switzerland). Veget Hist Archaeobot 24, 63–73 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-014-0490-y

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