Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A large new species of the genus Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae) from Antarctic seamounts

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polar Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ptilocrinus amezianeae n. sp. is a new species of stalked crinoid attributed to the family Hyocrinidae. Forty-five specimens were collected from seamounts north of the Ross Sea, and one specimen from the Kerguelen Plateau at depths ranging from 450 to 1,680 m. The collection from Admiralty and Scott seamounts constitutes the first example of a hyocrinid population known both from in situ photographs and from numerous collected specimens ranging from small juvenile to large adult. Variation in theca and stalk articulation characters throughout ontogeny is congruent with the molecular data and indicates that all the specimens examined belong to a single species. Tegmen and pinnule architecture, brachial arrangement, and stalk articular facets indicate that Ptilocrinus amezianeae n. sp. has close affinities with P. clarki and P. pinnatus from the northeastern Pacific and displays the most derived characters among these three species. Two cases of true arm division into two unequal branches suggest that Ptilocrinus and Calamocrinus are closely related. The picture and video transects on Admiralty seamount show a patchy distribution of living specimens with patches of mean density ca. 2.6 individuals m-2. In situ photographs also document predation by a sea urchin and a sea star on tegmen and proximal arms. The COI gene sequences analyzed in 25 specimens from Admiralty and Scott seamounts display low pairwise distances, low nucleotidic diversity, and intermediate haplotype diversity. These results, together with disarticulated ossicles and attachment disks observed on in situ photographs, indicate that the population investigated here is in decline.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CAML:

Census of Antarctic Marine Life

IPY:

International Polar Year

NIWA:

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

MNHN:

Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle

CCDB:

Canadian Center for DNA Barcoding

Guelph:

Biodiversity Institute of Ontario

References

  • Améziane N, Roux M (1997) Biodiversity and historical biogeography of stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) in the deep sea. Biodivers Conserv 6:1557–1570. doi:10.1023/A:1018370620870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Améziane N, Roux M (2005) Environmental control versus phylogenic fingerprint in ontogeny: the example of the development of the stalk in the genus Guillecrinus (stalked crinoids, Echinodermata). J Nat Hist 39(30):2815–2860. doi:10.1080/00222930500060595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Améziane N, Roux M (2011) Stalked crinoids from Southern Tasmanian seamounts. Part 1: family Hyocrinidae. J Nat Hist 45:137–170. doi:10.1080/00222933.2010.520825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aronson RB, Blake DB, Oji T (1997) Retrograde community structure in the late Eocene of Antarctica. Geology 25(10):903–906. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0903:RCSITL>2.3.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avise JC (2000) Phylogeography: the history and formation of species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Bather FA (1908) Ptilocrinus antarcticus n. sp.: a crinoid dredged by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition. Bull Acad R Sci Belg 3:296–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumiller TK (2008) Crinoid ecological morphology. Ann Rev Earth and Pl Sc 36:221–249. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumiller TK, Mooi R, Messing CG (2008) Urchins in the meadow: paleobiological and evolutionary implications of cidaroid predation on crinoids. Paleobiology 34(1):22–34. doi:10.1666/07031.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumiller TK, Salamon MA, Gorzelak P, Mooi R, Messing CG, Gahn FJ (2010) Post-Paleozoic crinoid radiation in response to benthic predation preceded the Mesozoic marine revolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(13):5893–5896. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914199107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden DA, Schiaparelli S, Clark MR, Rickard GJ (2011) A lost world? Archaic crinoid-dominated assemblages on an Antarctic seamount. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 58:119–127. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conan G, Roux M, Sibuet M (1981) A photographic survey of a population of the stalked crinoid Diplocrinus (Annacrinus) wyvillethomsoni (Echinodermata) from the bathyal slope of the Bay of Biscay. Deep-Sea Res 28(5):441–453. doi:10.1016/0198-0149(81)90136-9

  • David J, Roux M, Messing CG, Améziane N (2006) Revision of the pentacrinid stalked crinoids of the genus Endoxocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea), with a study of environmental control of characters and its consequences for taxonomy. Zootaxa 1156:1–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 3(5):294–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita T, Otha S, Oji T (1987) Photographic observations of the stalked crinoids Metacrinus rotundus Carpenter in Suruga Bay, Central Japan. J Oceanogr 43(6):333–343. doi:10.1007/BF02109286

    Google Scholar 

  • Genin A, Dayton PK, Lonsdale PF, Spiess FN (1986) Corals on seamounts provide evidence of current acceleration over deep-sea topography. Nature 322:59–61. doi:10.1038/322059a0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gorzelak P, Salamon MA (2009) Signs of benthic predation on late Jurassic stalked crinoids, preliminary data. Palaios 24:70–73. doi:10.2110/palo.2008.p08-032r

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutt J, Barratt I, Domack E, d’Udekem d’Acoz C, Dimmler W, Grémare A., Heilmayer O, Isla E, Janussen D, Jorgensen E, Kock K-H, Lehnert LS, López-Gonzáles P, Langner S, Linse K, Manjón-Cabeza ME, Meißner M, Montiel A, Raes M, Robert H, Rose A, Schepisi ES, Saucède T, Scheidat M, Schenke HW, Seiler J, Smith C (2011). Biodiversity change after climate-induced ice-shelf collapse in the Antarctic. Deep-Sea Res Pt II. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.024

  • Ivanova NV, Dewaard JR, Hebert PDN (2006) An inexpensive, automation-friendly protocol for recovering high-quality DNA. Mol Ecol Resour 6(4):998–1002. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01428.x

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • John DD (1937) Zoology: Crinoidea. Expédition antarctique belge. Résultats du voyage de la Belgica en 1897–99 sous le commandement de A de Gerlache de Gomery. Rapport scientifique, JE Bushmann, Anvers, pp 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, RS, Wilson RR Jr. (1991) A summary and bibliography of seamount biota. Scripps Institution Oceanographic Reference. Series 91–8. La Jolla

  • Librado P, Rosas J (2009) DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25:1451–1452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macurda DB, Meyer DL (1974) Feeding posture of modern stalked crinoids. Nature 247:394–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Messing CG (1985) Submersible observations of deep-water crinoid assemblages in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean. In: Keegan BF, O’Connor BDS (eds) Echinodermata. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 185–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Messing CG (1994) Crinoid meadows of the West Indies: distribution, response to flow, disarticulation, sediment production and taphonomy. In: David B, Guille A, Feral JP, Roux M (eds) Echinoderms through Time. Balkema, Rotterdam, p 245

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer DL (1985) Evolutionary implications of predation on Recent comatulid crinoids from the Great Barrier Reef. Paleobiology 11(2):154–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Mironov AN, Sorokina OA (1998) Sea lilies of the order Hyocrinida (Echinodermata, Crinoidea). Zoologicheskie Issledovania 2:1–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Oji T (1996) Is predation intensity reduced with increasing depth? Evidence from the West Atlantic stalked crinoid Endoxocrinus parrae (Gervais) and implications for the Mesozoic marine revolution. Paleobiology 22(3):339–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Oji T, Ogawa Y, Hunter AW, Kitazawa K (2009) Discovery of dense aggregations of stalked crinoids in Izu-Ogasawa trench, Japan. Zool Sci 26(6):406–408

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roux M (1980) Les crinoïdes pédonculés (Echinodermes) photographiés sur les dorsales océaniques de l’Atlantique et du Pacifique. Implications biogéographiques. CR Acad Sc Paris, série D 291:901–904

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux M (1985) Les crinoïdes pédonculés (Echinodermes) de l’Atlantique N.E.: inventaire, écologie et biogéographie. In: Laubier L, Monniot C (eds) Peuplements profonds du Golfe de Gascogne: campagne BIOGAS. Ifremer, Brest, pp 479–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux M (1987) Evolutionary ecology and biogeography of recent stalked crinoids as a model for the fossil record. In: Jangoux M, Lawrence JM (eds) Echinoderm studiesvolume 2. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 1–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux M (1994) The CALSUB cruise on the bathyal slopes off New Caledonia. In: Crosnier A (ed) Résultat des campagnes MUSORSTOM, vol 12. Memoir Mus Natl Hist 161:9–47

  • Roux M (2002) Two new species of the genus Thalassocrinus (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Hyocrinidae) from the Pacific Ocean. Species Divers 7(2):173–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux M (2004) New hyocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) from submersible investigations in the Pacific Ocean. Pac Sci 58(4):597–613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roux M, Bohn JM (2010) Revision of the genus Gephyrocrinus Kœhler and Bather, 1902 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Zoosystema 32(3):425–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roux M, Lambert P (2011) Two new species of stalked crinoids from the north-eastern Pacific in the genera Gephyrocrinus and Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Effects of ontogeny and variability on hyocrinid taxonomy. Zootaxa 2825:1–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux M, Pawson DL (1999) Two new Pacific Ocean species of hyocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata), with comments on presumed giant-dwarf gradients related to seamounts and abyssal plains. Pac Sci 53(3):289–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux M, Messing CG, Améziane N (2002) Artificial keys to the genera of living stalked crinoids (Echinodermata). B Mar Sci 70(3):799–830

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider JA (1988) Frequency of arm regeneration of comatulid crinoids in relation to life habit. In: Burke RD, Mladenov PV, Lambert P, Parsley RL (eds) Echinoderm biology. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 531–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Shortis MR, Seager JW, Williams A, Baker BA, Sherlock M (2007) A towed body stereo-video system for deep water benthic habitat surveys. In: Grun A, Kahmen H (eds) 8th Conference on optical 3-D measurement techniques. ETH Zurich, Zurich, pp 150–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24:1596–1599

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward RD, Holmes BH, O’Hara TD (2008) DNA bar coding discriminates echinoderm species. Mol Ecol Resour 8:1202–1211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson RR, Kaufmann RS (1987) Seamount biota and biogeography. In: Keating B, Fryer P, Baleza R, Boehlert G (eds) Seamount. Islands and Atolls. American geophysical union, Washington, DC, pp 355–377

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Specimens, data, and photographs of P. amezianeae n. sp. were collected by and made available through the New Zealand International Polar Year-Census of Antarctic Marine Life Project (NZ IPY-CAML project IPY2007-01). We thank Kareen Schnabel, Sadie Mills and Owen Anderson at NIWA, Rick Webster at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Fabien Aubert and Nicolas Gasco through the TAAF administration for providing specimens. The SEM were done using the JEOL 840A at the Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. We thank the ANTFLOCKS project funded by the French national research agency (“ANR”; USAR n°07-BLAN-0213-01). Funding parties also include the Département des Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, the Museum Victoria in Melbourne, Australia (travel grant to ME and LH), NIWA in Wellington, New Zealand (travel grant to ME) and the French Polar Institute IPEV (travel grant to ME and LH). DB was funded under NZ IPY-CAML project IPY2007-01. We also thank Pr Fran Ramil of the Departamento de Ecoloxia e Bioloxia Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, España.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, UMR7208-BOREA-MNHN/UPMC/IRD, CP 26, 57, rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Marc Eléaume, Lenaïg G. Hemery & Michel Roux

  2. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand

    David A. Bowden

Authors
  1. Marc Eléaume
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lenaïg G. Hemery
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David A. Bowden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michel Roux
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marc Eléaume.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Eléaume, M., Hemery, L.G., Bowden, D.A. et al. A large new species of the genus Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae) from Antarctic seamounts. Polar Biol 34, 1385–1397 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-0993-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-0993-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation