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Recognition of CCA1 alternative protein isoforms during temperature acclimation

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Abstract

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CCA1α and CCA1β protein variants respond to environmental light and temperature cues, and higher temperature promotes CCA1β protein production and causes its retention detectable in the cytoplasm.

Abstract

CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), as the core transcription factor of circadian clock, is involved in the regulation of endogenous circadian rhythm in Arabidopsis. Previous studies have shown that CCA1 consists of two abundant splice variants, fully spliced CCA1α and intron-retaining CCA1β. CCA1β is believed to form a nonfunctional heterodimer with CCA1α and its closed-related homolog LHY. Many studies have established that CCA1β is a transcription product, while how CCA1β protein is produced and how two CCA1 isoforms respond to environmental cues have not been elucidated. In this study, we identified CCA1α and CCA1β protein variants under different photoperiods with warm or cold temperature cycles, respectively. Our results showed that CCA1 protein production is regulated by prolonged light exposure and warm temperature. The protein levels of CCA1α and CCA1β peak in the morning, but the detection of CCA1β is dependent on immunoprecipitation enrichment at 22 °C. Higher temperature of 37 °C promotes CCA1β protein production and causes its retention to be detectable in the cytoplasm. Overall, our results indicate that two splice variants of the CCA1 protein respond to environmental light and temperature signals and may, therefore, maintain the circadian rhythms and give individuals the ability to adapt to environment.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to S.Z. (31700255), Q.X. (31670285), and X.X. (U1904202), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2017M621098), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei to Q.X. (17966304D) and S.Z. (C2017205134), and the Hebei Hundred Talents Program (E2016100018) to Q.X.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China

    Shijia Zhang, Huili Liu, Xiaojing Li & Lingbao Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China

    Li Yuan, Xiaodong Xu & Qiguang Xie

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  1. Shijia Zhang
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  2. Huili Liu
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  3. Li Yuan
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  4. Xiaojing Li
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  5. Lingbao Wang
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  6. Xiaodong Xu
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  7. Qiguang Xie
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Contributions

QX, XX and SZ conceived the project and wrote the article. S.Z. performed most of the experiments. SZ and HL completed the qRT-PCR experiment; SZ, XL, and LW completed vector construction and transgenic work; SZ and LY completed the hypocotyl length measurement, SZ, LY, QX and XX analyzed the data.

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Correspondence to Xiaodong Xu or Qiguang Xie.

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Communicated by Da-Bing Zhang.

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Accession numbers

Sequence data for the genes referred in this article can be found in the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative or GenBank/EMBL databases under the following accession numbers: CCA1, AT2G46830; IPP2, At3g02780.

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Zhang, S., Liu, H., Yuan, L. et al. Recognition of CCA1 alternative protein isoforms during temperature acclimation. Plant Cell Rep 40, 421–432 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02644-7

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