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Microspore embryogenesis and programmed cell death in barley: effects of copper on albinism in recalcitrant cultivars

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Abstract

Albinism remains a major problem in cereal improvement programs that rely on doubled haploid (DH) technology, and the factors controlling the phenomenon are not well understood. Here we report on the positive influence of copper on the production of DH plants obtained through microspore embryogenesis (ME) in recalcitrant cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The presence of copper sulphate in the anther pre-treatment medium improved green DH plant regeneration from cultivars known to produce exclusively albino plants using classical procedures. In plastids, the effect of copper was characterized by a decrease in starch and a parallel increase in internal membranes. The addition of copper sulphate in the ME pre-treatment medium should enable breeders to exploit the genetic diversity of recalcitrant cultivars through DH technology. We examined programmed cell death (PCD) during microspore development to determine whether PCD may interfere with the induction of ME and/or the occurrence of albinism. By examining the fate of nuclei in various anther cell layers, we demonstrated that the kinetics of PCD in anthers differed between the barley cultivars Igri and Cork that show a low and a high rate of albinism, respectively. However, no direct correlation between PCD in the anther cell layers and the rate of albinism was observed and copper had no influence on the PCD kinetic in these cultivars. It was concluded that albinism following ME was not due to PCD in anthers, but rather to another unknown phenomenon that appears to specifically affect plastids during microspore/pollen development.

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Abbreviations

cv.:

Cultivar

cvs.:

Cultivars

DH:

Doubled haploid

End:

Endothecium

Ep:

Epidermis

MDE:

Microspore-derived embryo

ME:

Microspore embryogenesis

ML:

Middle layers

MMC:

Microspore mother cell

MPG:

Mature pollen grain

PCD:

Programmed cell death

SE:

Standard error

T:

Tapetum

VM:

Vacuolated microspore

YM:

Young microspore

YPG:

Young pollen grain

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ms. Kim Boutilier for improving the English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stress Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, URVVCSE EA 2069, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France

    Cédric Jacquard, Frédérique Nolin, Carine Hécart, Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier, Florence Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre & Christophe Clément

  2. LU Bioloǵijas Institūts, Miera ielā 3, LV-2169, Salaspils, Latvia

    Dace Grauda & Isaak Rashal

  3. Androgenèse et Biotechnologies, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33, rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens, France

    Rajbir S. Sangwan

  4. Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Florimond Desprez, BP 41, 59242, Cappelle en Pévèle, France

    Pierre Devaux

Authors
  1. Cédric Jacquard
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  2. Frédérique Nolin
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  3. Carine Hécart
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  4. Dace Grauda
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  5. Isaak Rashal
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  6. Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
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  7. Rajbir S. Sangwan
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  8. Pierre Devaux
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  9. Florence Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre
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  10. Christophe Clément
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Correspondence to Cédric Jacquard.

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Communicated by P. Ozias-Akins.

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Jacquard, C., Nolin, F., Hécart, C. et al. Microspore embryogenesis and programmed cell death in barley: effects of copper on albinism in recalcitrant cultivars. Plant Cell Rep 28, 1329–1339 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-009-0733-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-009-0733-z

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