Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation and characterisation of chitosan extracted from shrimp shell (Penaeus monodon) and chitosan-based blended solid polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A bioactive and non-toxic biopolymer-based electrolyte has gained attention in recent research for their potential applications in the fabrication of electrochemical devices. In this work, we extracted the chitosan successfully prepared from shrimp shells using Brine’s method. The solid polymer electrolyte comprising the blend of chitosan and agar–agar, plasticised with polyethylene glycol (PEG), as host polymer and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as a dopant is prepared by solution casting technique. Also, the effect of different weight percentage of the plasticiser PEG at a fixed ratio of perchlorate content is investigated. The obtained chitosan blended film is highly suitable as a electrolyte for electrochemical devices. The prepared polymer electrolyte is characterised using attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR–SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The ATR–FTIR spectroscopy confirms the presence of particular functional groups present in chitosan and complex formation between blended polymers and lithium perchlorate. The surface morphology and amorphous crystallinity of chitosan and blended polymer electrolytes revealed from HR–SEM and XRD analysis. The ionic conductivity of the prepared materials is studied using AC impedance spectroscopy and compared. The highest ionic conductivity at room temperature obtained for the sample is 4.56 × 10−4 Scm−1 (CAP3). The mechanical properties of films have been studied using a Universal testing machine analysis. Wagner’s polarisation measurements have estimated the Li+ transport numbers of SPEs. Linear sweep voltammetry was performed on half-cell method to study the electrochemical stability window of the maximum ionic conductivity of SPEs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bouhenna M, Salah R, Bakour R, Drouiche N, Abdi N, Grib H, Lounici H, Mameri, (2015) Effect of chitin and its derivatives on human cancer cells lines. Environ SciPollut Res 22:15579–15586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4712-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ahmed TA, Aljaeid BM (2016) Preparation, characterisation, and potential application of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical drug delivery. Drug Des Dev Ther 10:483–507. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S99651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Agronomy SRG (2013) A review of the applications of chitin and its derivatives in agriculture to modify plant-microbial. Interact Improv Crop Yields 3:757–793. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3040757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. No LHK, Meyers SP (2000) Application of chitosan for treatment of wastewaters. Environ ContamToxicol 1:1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6429-11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Abreha Merhawi, Purushotham Gebreyesus (2016) Preparation and characterisation of lithium ion conducting polymer electrolytes based on a blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and poly(methyl methacrylate). Heliyon 2:7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. PradeepaPrabakaran RP, Gurusamy MS, EdwinrajSebasthiyan, (2017) Plasticized polymer electrolyte membranes based on PEO/PVdF-HFP for use as an effective electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries. Chin J PolymSci 35(3):407–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-017-1906-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wei Z, Chen S, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang Z (2018) Superior lithium ion conduction of polymer electrolyte with comb-like structure via solvent-free copolymerisation for bipolar all-solid-state lithium battery. J Mater Chem 6:13438–13447. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA04477E

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang Z, Gu Hui, Wei Zhenyao (2018) Preparation of new composite polymer electrolyte for long cycling all-solid-state lithium battery. Ionics 25:907–916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-02852-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang Furi, Li Libo, Yang Xueying, You Jun (2018) Influence of additives in a PVDF-based solid polymer electrolyte on conductivity and Li-ion battery performance. Sust Energy Fuels. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SE00441A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Selvalakshmi S, Vijaya N, Selvasekarapandian S, Premalatha M (2017) Biopolymer agar-agar doped with NH4SCN as solid polymer electrolyte for electrochemical cell application. J ApplPolymSci 1–10:44702. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ramesh S, Shanti R, Morris E (2012) Plasticising effect of 1-allyl-3-methlyimidazolium chloride in cellulose acetate based polymer electrolytes. CarbohydPolym 87:2624–2629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.11.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yusof YM, Kadir MFZ (2016) Electrochemical characterisations and the effect of glycerol in biopolymer electrolytes based on methylcellulose-potato starch blend. MolCrystLiqCryst 627(1):220–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2015.1137115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Liew CW, Ramesh S (2015) Electrical, structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of corn starch-based biopolymer electrolytes. CarbohydrPolym 124:222–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Aziz SB, Hamsan MH, Abdullah RM (2019) A promising polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan: methyl cellulose for EDLC application with high specific capacitance and energy density. MDPI Mol 24:2503. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Salman YAK, Abdullah O (2018) Conductivity and electrical properties of chitosan: methylcellulose blend biopolymer electrolyte incorporated with lithium tetrafluoroborate. Int J ElectrochemSci 13:3185–3199. https://doi.org/10.20964/2018.04.25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sudhakar YN, Selvakumar M, Krishna Bhat D (2013) LiClO4-doped plasticised chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) blend as biodegradable polymer electrolyte for supercapacitors. Ionics 19:277–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-012-0745-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rathod SG, Bhajantri RF, Ravindrachary V, Poojary B, Pujari PK (2016) Influence of transport parameters on conductivity of lithium perchlorate-doped poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan composites. J ElastomPlast. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244315580457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Negrea P, Caunii A, Sarac I, Butnariu M (2015) The study of infrared spectrum of chitin and chitosan extract as potential sources of biomass. Dig J NanomaterBiostruct 4:1129–1138

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dilyana, Zvezdova (2010) Investigation of some physicochemical properties of chitin from crab shells HAУЧHИ TPУДOBE HA PУCEHCКИЯ УHИBEPCИTET , тoм 49, cepия 9

  20. Sim LH, Gan SN, Chan CH, Yahya R (2010) ATR-FTIR studies on ion interaction of lithium perchlorate in polyacrylate/poly(ethylene oxide) blends. SpectrochimActa 76:287–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2009.09.031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rumengan IFM, Suryanto E, Modaso R, Wullur S, Tallei TE, Limbong D (2014) Structural characteristics of chitin and chitosan isolated from the biomass of cultivated rotifer, Brachionusrotundiformis. Int J Fish AquatSci 3(1):12–18

    Google Scholar 

  22. Junga MR, David Horgena F, Orskib SV, Rodriguez V, C.b, Kathryn L. BeersbMarine, (2018) Validation of ATR FT–IR to identify polymers of plastic marine debris, including those ingested by marine organisms. Pollut Bull 127:704–716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. SamanehSaber-Samandari Mustafa Gazi Elvan Yilmaz (2012) UV-induced synthesis of chitosan-g-polyacrylamide semi-IPN superabsorbent hydrogels. Polym Bull 68:1623–1639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-011-0643-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gutha Y, Pathak JL (2017) Antibacterial and wound healing properties of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/zinc oxide beads (CS/PVA/ZnO). Int J BiolMacromol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. AygulKucukgulmez MC, YasemenYanar DS, HurriyetPolat EslemKadak (2011) Physicochemical characterisation of chitosan extracted from Metapenaeusstebbingi shells. Food Chem 126:1144–1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ibitoye EB, Lokman IH, Hezmee MN, Goh YM, Zuki Z, Jimoh AA (2018) Extraction and physicochemical characterization of chitin and chitosan isolated from house cricket. Biomed Mater 13(2):025009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/aa9dde

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Pradhan DK, Samantaray BK, Choudhary RNP, Karan NK, Thomas R, Katiyar RS (2007) Effect of plasticiser on structural and electric properties of polymer nanocomposite electrolytes. Int J ElectrochemSci 2:861–871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-010-0491-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Salman YA, Abdullah OG, Hanna RR, Aziz SB (2018) Conductivity and electrical properties of chitosan: methylcellulose blend biopolymer electrolyte incorporated with lithium tetrafluoroborate. Int J ElectrochemSci 13:3185–3199. https://doi.org/10.20964/2018.04.25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rathod SG, Bhajantri RF, Ravindrachary V, BojaPoojary PK, Pujari TS, Naik J (2015) Influence of transport parameters on conductivity of lithium perchlorate-doped poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan composites. J Elastomers Plast. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244315580457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Boudouaia N, Bengharez Z, Jellali S (2019) Preparation and characterisation of chitosan extracted from shrimp shells waste and chitosan film: application for Eriochrome black T removal from aqueous solutions. Appl Water Sci 9:91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0967-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ling-haoHea RX, Yanga D-B, Liua Y, Son R (2009) Effects of blending chitosan with peg on surface morphology, crystallisation and thermal properties. Chin J PolymSci 27(4):501–510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bhoopathi G, Nithya N, Arun AP, Ranjith-Kumar E (2018) Effect of biopolymer blend matrix on structural, optical and biological properties of chitosan-agar blend Zno nanocomposites. J InorgOrganometPolym Mater 28:1528–1539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-018-0848-1N

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. AgilAbrahama PA, Solomanb VO Rejinib (2016) Preparation of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blends and studies on thermal and mechanical properties. ProcTechnol 24:741–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Suyatma NE, TighzertCopinet LA (2005) Effects of hydrophilic plasticizers on mechanical, thermal, and surface properties of chitosan films. J Agric Food Chem 53:3950–3957. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048790+

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ziani K, Oses J, Coma V, Maté JI (2008) Effect of the presence of glycerol and Tween 20 on the chemical and physical properties of films based on chitosan with different degree of deacetylation. Food SciTechnol 41:2159–2165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.11.023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sampath-Kumar L, Christopher-Selvin P, Selvasekarapandian S, Manjuladevi R, Monisha S, Perumal P (2018) Tamarind seed polysaccharide biopolymer membrane for lithium-ion conducting battery. Ionics 24:3793–3803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2541-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chitra R, Sathya P, Selvasekarapandian S, Meyvel S (2019) Synthesis and characterisation of iota-carrageenan based biopolymer electrolyte with lithium perchlorate and succinonitrile (plasticiser). Polym Bull. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02822-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lin Y, cheng Yun, Li Jie, Jan D (2017) Biocompatible and biodegradable solid polymer electrolytes for high voltage and high temperature lithium batteries. RSC Adv 7:24856. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA01601H

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhang Jianjun, Yue Liping, Hu Pu, Liu Zhihong, Qin Bingsheng, Zhang Bo, Wang Qingfu (2014) Taichi-inspired rigid-flexible coupling cellulose-supported solid polymer electrolyte for high-performance lithium batteries. Sci Rep 4:6272. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06272

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Hirankumara G, Mehtab N (2018) Effect of incorporation of different plasticisers on structural and ion transport properties of PVA-LiClO4 based electrolytes. Heliyon 4(12):e00992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are acknowledging Dr. Amirthavalli Raghupathy Memorial Fund for providing support (Muffle Furnace Instrument) for our research laboratory. Also, authors would like to acknowledge Department of chemical engineering, IIT Madras, for providing characterisation facility using HR-SEM.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai, 600 005, India

    M. Leo Edward & V. Jaisankar

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India

    K. C. Dharanibalaji

  3. Department of Chemistry, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, 600 117, India

    K. Thileep Kumar, A. Raghu Subash Chandrabose & A. M. Shanmugharaj

Authors
  1. M. Leo Edward
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. C. Dharanibalaji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. Thileep Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Raghu Subash Chandrabose
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. M. Shanmugharaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. V. Jaisankar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. Jaisankar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Leo Edward, M., Dharanibalaji, K.C., Kumar, K.T. et al. Preparation and characterisation of chitosan extracted from shrimp shell (Penaeus monodon) and chitosan-based blended solid polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. Polym. Bull. 79, 587–604 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03472-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03472-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation