Abstract
A simple method was proposed for preparing aggregates of Pd nanoparticles on graphene oxide (GO) by mixing of palladium acetate and GO modified with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) (POSS-modified GO) in methanol. Spherical aggregates of Pd nanoparticles with a diameter 10–30 nm were densely produced on the surface of POSS-modified GO. POSS-modified GO was synthesized by the ionic interactions between negatively charged GO and positively charged POSS–NH3 +. POSS–NH3 + with silica-like core and eight organic functional groups on the surface of GO plays a role in making the spherical aggregates of Pd nanoparticles (Pd–POSS/GO). The residual content and thermal stability of Pd–POSS/GO were higher than that of GO and POSS-modified GO in thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The size of aggregates of Pd nanoparticles on the surface of POSS-modified GO is smaller than that of aggregates of Pd nanoparticles produced without GO template. POSS-modified GO and Pd–POSS/GO were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and TGA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cristina G-N, Marko B, Klaus K (2008) Elastic properties of chemically derived single graphene sheets. Nano Lett 8:2045–2049
Meyer JC, Geim AK, Katsnelson MI, Novoselov KS, Booth TJ, Roth S (2007) The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature 446:60–63
Gim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191
Rao CNR, Biswas K, Subrahmanyam KS, Govindaraj (2009) Graphene, the new nanocarbon. J Mater Chem 19:2457–2469
Rafiee MA, Rafiee J, Srivastava I, Wang Z, Song H, Yu Z-Z, Koratkar N (2010) Fracture and fatigue in graphene nanocomposites. Small 6:179–183
Peter S, Rainer W, Ralf T, Rolf M (2009) Functionalized graphenes and thermoplastic nanocomposites based upon expanded graphite oxide. Macromol Rapid Commun 30:316–327
Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Dommett GHB, Kohlhaas KM, Zimney EJ, Stach EA, Piner RD, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2006) Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442:282–286
Tang X-Z, Li W, Yu Z-Z, Rafiee MA, Rafiee J (2011) Enhanced thermal stability in graphene oxide covalently functionalized with 2-amino-4,6-didodecylamino-1,3,5-triazine. Carbon 49:1258–1265
Jeon JH, Lim JH, Kim KM (2009) Hybrid nanocomposites of palladium nanoparticles having POSS and MWNTs via ionic interactions. Macromol Res 17:987–994
Jeon JH, Lim JH, Chujo Y, Kim KM (2009) Synthesis and characterization of hybrid nanocomposites of Pd nanoparticles containing POSS (Pd-POSS) and poly(acrylic acid) via ionic interaction. Polym (Korea) 33:615–619
Jeon JH, Lim JH, Kim KM (2010) Organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and octafunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). Macromol Res 18:341–345
Lee JH, Nam JH, Lim JH, Moon SC, Kim KY, Kim KM (2012) Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites of poly(acrylic acid)-grafted MWNTs and spherical aggregates of palladium nanoparticles with POSS. Comps Interfaces 19:583–592
Lim JH, Ko YW, Kim KY, Kim KM (2012) Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites of PAA-grafted graphene and Pd nanoparticles having POSS (Pd-POSS). Polym (Korea) 36:656–661
Park DS, Ha TS, Lim JH, Kim KY, Kim KM (2015) Synthesis and characterization of a new hybrid polyphosphazene containing two symmetrical polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) units. Polym J 47:415–421
Park DS, Ha TS, Kim KY, Lim JH, Kim KM (2014) New composites of spherical bridged polysilsesquioxanes and aggregates of Pd nanoparticles with POSS via ionic interactions. Polym Bull 71:819–828
Hymmers WS, Offeman RE (1958) Preparation of graphitic oxide. J Am Chem Soc 80:1339
Feher FJ, Wyndham KD (1998) Amine and ester-substituted silsesquioxanes: synthesis, characterization and use as a core for starburst dendrimers. Chem Commun 3:323–324
Lin H, Wan X, Jiang X, Wang Q, Yin J (2011) A nanoimprint lithography hybrid photoresist based on the thiol–ene system. Adv Funct Mater 21:2960–2967
Naka K, Itoh H, Chujo Y (2002) Self-organization of spherical aggregates of palladium nanoparticles with a cubic silsesquioxane. Nano Lett 2:1183–1186
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (2015R1D1A3A01019742).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hwang, I.S., Kim, KY., Lim, JH. et al. Creation of spherical aggregates of Pd nanoparticles on the surface of POSS-modified graphene oxide. Polym. Bull. 73, 2557–2565 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1685-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1685-4