Abstract
In this work, polyurushiol (PUS) was synthesized through a Friedel–Crafts reaction using brönsted acid as a catalyst. The product was then utilized in the fabrication of honeycomb porous films by breath figures (BFs). The PUS porous films were subsequently exposed to a high pressure mercury lamp for several seconds (5–30 s). An AgNO3 solution was then dripped onto the surface of films to form PUS/Ag composite porous films through the in situ photoreduction method, avoiding the use of harmful reducing agents. Key preparation factors, including solvent type, UV irradiation time and AgNO3 concentration, were systematically investigated. The composite films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ag particles (approximate size of 50 nm) were formed on the surface of PUS porous films when water was used as a solvent. In addition, increased AgNO3 concentration or UV irradiation time facilitated a change in the conductivity state of PUS/Ag porous films from insulator to semiconductor. The as-prepared PUS/Ag composite porous films provided excellent electronic properties and thus provided significant potential for future application in various fields.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ciobanu G, Ilisei S, Luca C, Carja G, Ciobanu O (2012) The effect of vitamins to hydroxyapatite growth on porous polyurethane substrate. Prog Org Coat 74(4):648–653
León ASD, Malhotra S, Molina M, Haag R, Calderón M, Muñoz-Bonilla A (2015) Dendritic amphiphiles as additives for honeycomb-like patterned surfaces by breath figures: role of the molecular characteristics on the pore morphology. J Colloid Interface Sci 440:263–271
Li X, Zhang L, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhao N, Zhang X, Xu J (2011) A bottom-up approach to fabricate patterned surfaces with asymmetrical TiO2 microparticles trapped in the holes of honeycomb like polymer film. J Am Chem Soc 133(11):3736–3739
Saito Y, Kawano T, Shimomura M, Yabu H (2013) Fabrication of mussel-inspired highly adhesive honeycomb films containing catechol groups and their applications for substrate-independent porous templates. Macromol Rapid Commun 34(8):630–634
Kulinowski KM, Jiang P, Vaswani H, Colvin VL (2000) Porous metals from colloidal templates. Adv Mater 12(11):833–838
Yang H, Zou S, Chen W, Zhen T, Wang C (2014) Mineralization and drug release of hydroxyapatite/poly(l-lactic acid) nanocomposite scaffolds prepared by pickering emulsion templating. Colloid Surface B 122:559–565
Zhai S, Hu EJ, Zhi YY, Shen Q (2015) Fabrication of highly ordered porous superhydrophobic polystyrene films by electric breath figure and surface chemical modification. Colloid Surface A 469:294–299
Lord HT, Quinn JF, Angus SD, Whittaker MR, Stenzel MH, Davis TP (2003) Microgel stars via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (raft) polymerization—a facile route to macroporous membranes, honeycomb patterned thin films and inverse opal substrates. J Mater Chem 13(11):2819–2824
Wang C, Mao Y, Wang D, Qu Q, Yang G, Hu X (2008) Fabrication of highly ordered microporous thin films by PS-b-PAA self-assembly and investigation of their tunable surface properties. J Mater Chem 18(6):683–690
Dong W, Zhou Y, Yan D, Mai Y, He L, Jin C (2008) Honeycomb-structured microporous films made from hyperbranched polymers by the breath figure method. Langmuir 25(1):173–178
Wu XH, Wu ZY, Su JC, Yan YG, Yu BQ, Wei J, Zhao LM (2015) Nano-hydroxyapatite promotes self-assembly of honeycomb pores in poly (l-lactide) films through breath-figure method and MC3T3-E1 cell functions. RSC Adv 5(9):6607–6616
Li L, Zhong Y, Gong J, Li J, Huang J, Ma Z (2011) Fabrication of robust micro-patterned polymeric films via static breath-figure process and vulcanization. J Colloid Interface Sci 354(2):758–764
Xia J, Lin J, Xu Y, Chen Q (2010) On the UV-induced polymeric behavior of Chinese lacquer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3(2):482–489
Zheng X, Weng J, Li S, Liu H, Hu B, Li Y (2014) Anticorrosive ultrathin film derived from bio-based urushiol–Ti by layer-by-layer self-assembly. Chem Eng J 245(6):265–275
Watanabe H, Fujimoto A, Takahara A (2015) Spray-assisted nanocoating of the biobased material urushiol. Langmuir 31(8):2360–2365
Xu Y, Lin J, Hu B (2008) Fabrication of microporous films of urushiol–formaldehyde diethylenetriamine polymer. Acta Polym Sin 5:497–500
Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M, Rodriguez-Hernandez J (2014) Towards hierarchically ordered functional porous polymeric surfaces prepared by the breath figures approach. Prog Polym Sci 39(3):510–554
Ou Y, Wang LY, Zhu LW, Wan LS, Xu ZK (2014) In situ immobilization of silver nanoparticles on self-assembled honeycomb-patterned films enables surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. J Phys Chem 118:11478–11484
Ma H, Cui J, Song A, Hao J (2011) Fabrication of freestanding honeycomb films with through-pore structures via air/water interfacial self-assembly. Chem Commun 47(4):1154–1156
Dutra RL, Segala K, Oliveira EMND et al (2008) Preparation and characterization of the novels terpolymers of poly-{trans-[RuCl2(vpy)4]-styrene-divinylbenzene and styrene-divinylbenzene-vinylpiridine impregnated with silver nanoparticles. Polym Bull 60(6):809–819
Chiang T, Yeh H (2014) Synthesis of silver particle onto bamboo charcoal by tripropylene glycol and the composites characterization. Materials 7(2):742–750
Bai W, Zhuo D, Xiao X, Xie J, Lin J (2012) Conductive, mechanical, and chemical resistance properties of polyurushiol/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite coatings. Polym Compos 33(5):711–715
Gao F, Yang Y, Wang T (2015) Preparation of porous TiO2/Ag heterostructure films with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Chem Eng J 270:418–427
Milošević M, Radoičić M, Šaponjić Z, Nunney T, Marković D, Nedeljković J, Radetić M (2013) In situ generation of Ag nanoparticles on polyester fabrics by photoreduction using TiO2 nanoparticles. J Mater Sci 48(16):5447–5455
Zhuo D, Li X, Wu X et al (2007) Primary study on reaction process of polymerization of urushiol catalyzed by brönsted acid. J Chin Lacq 26:6–9
Liu Y, Xia J, Lin J (2011) Characterization and conductive property of polyurushiol/silver conductive coatings prepared under UV irradiation. Prog Org Coat 71(1):117–120
Xu Y, Hu B, Lin J (2000) Study on uruhiol–molybdenum chelate polymer. Acta Polymerica Sinica 3:278–283
Xia J, Xu Y, Lin J et al (2008) UV-induced polymerization of urushiol without photoinitiator. Prog Org Coat 61(1):7–10
Bursal E, Köksal E (2011) Evaluation of reducing power and radical scavenging activities of water and ethanol extracts from sumac (Rhus coriaria L.). Food Res Int 44(7):2217–2221
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Special Projects on Development of Marine High-tech Industry in Fujian Province [No. 25 (2015)].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, D., Zhang, M., Luo, Z. et al. Fabrication of polyurushiol/Ag composite porous films using an in situ photoreduction method. Polym. Bull. 73, 1639–1647 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-015-1568-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-015-1568-0