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High-throughput Sequencing-based Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Rice Wine Koji from Different Areas

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Abstract

Rice wine, a traditional fermented alcoholic beverage in China, is produced with grains such as rice, which are fermented with saccharifying starter-koji. Its flavor quality is closely associated to the starter culture-koji, which is made by mixing botanical materials with high-class glutinous rice in certain ecological context. However, there are few reports on the microbial community structure of rice wine koji. In this paper, bacterial community structures of rice wine koji were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing based on Illumina MiSeq high-throughput technology in 20 samples collected from Xiaogan area, Hubei province and Dazhu area, Sichuan province (10 from each area). We found rice wine koji flora mainly consisted of Weissella, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Cronobacter, with relative abundances of 29.49%, 10.93%, 8.85%, 4.75%, 1.16% and 1.15%, respectively, as well as an accumulative average relative abundance of 58.71%. They all belonged to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria—the two known dominant genus. Genus-level PCA (Principal component analysis) and OTU-level PCoA (Principal coordinates analysis) based on unweighted UniFrac distances showed that the bacterial community structure differed significantly between the samples from the 2 areas. 7 OTUs were detected in all samples, accounting for 4.4% of the total qualified assembly. Among the 7 OTUs, 3 OTUs were identified as Enterococcus, 2 OTUs were identified as Cronobacter, 1 OTU was identified as Bacillus and 1 OTU was identified as Alkaliphilus. Fifty-eight lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated from the 20 koji samples with traditional microbial methods. Among them, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus pentosaceus were the dominant LAB isolates, with relative abundances of 51.72% and 31.03%. Despite the differences, a large number of shared bacteria were detected in samples from the two areas.

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Data Availability

The sequence data reported have been deposited in the MG-RAST database under the project number mgp89736.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Professor Chunhui Shan for his support, particularly for providing facilities to perform this work. Never forget why you started, and your mission can be accomplished.

Funding

This work was supported by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Innovation Team Building Projects in Key Areas (2017CB012) and Projects of Innovation and Development Pillar Program for Key Industries in Southern Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2018DB002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Food College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China

    Xinxin Zhao, Wenchao Cai, Mingjun Yang & Chunhui Shan

  2. School of Food Science and Technology, Hu Bei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China

    Yurong Wang & Zhuang Guo

  3. Granny Mi Biotechnology (Hubei) Co. Ltd.,, Xiaogan, 432000, China

    Xiaodan Zhong

Authors
  1. Xinxin Zhao
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  2. Yurong Wang
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  3. Wenchao Cai
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  4. Mingjun Yang
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  5. Xiaodan Zhong
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  6. Zhuang Guo
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  7. Chunhui Shan
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Correspondence to Chunhui Shan.

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Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Cai, W. et al. High-throughput Sequencing-based Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Rice Wine Koji from Different Areas. Curr Microbiol 77, 882–889 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-01877-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-01877-9

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