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Phage Shock Protein G, a Novel Ethanol-Induced Stress Protein in Salmonella typhimurium

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Abstract

Exposure to ethanol is a stress condition that Salmonella typhimurium often encounters during its life cycle. Food, beverage, drugs, and cosmetics have a long history of using alcohols to control pathogens. Ethanol is also commonly used for disinfecting medical instruments. This study was conducted to evaluate the ethanol stress variations on the protein profile, cell structure, and serologic features of S. typhimurium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the phage shock protein G (pspG), a new ethanol-induced stress protein in cells adapted to 10% ethanol. The result was confirmed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The maximum quantity of this 9.02-kDa protein was produced in 12.5% (v/v) of ethanol-treated cultures. Scanning electron microscopy has demonstrated new phenotypic characteristics in bacterial structure. The cells were unable to undergo binary fission. This phenomenon explains the tight attachment of bacteria in a colony. Overall, ethanol extreme stress induced expression of new proteins like PspG and repression of some other proteins in S. typhimurium. These induction and repression processes have inflicted dramatic changes on Salmonella behaviors.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Young Researchers Club (YRC) in the Tehran Sciences and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University. We thank Miss Behin Omidi, supervisor of the microbiology laboratory in IAU, for her helpful comments, providing the materials, and adjusting the laboratory time for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbiology Department of Fars Science and Research Branch of Azad University, IAU, Fars, Iran

    Alireza Shoae Hassani

  2. Microbiology Department of Tehran Sciences and Research Branch of IAU, Tehran, Iran

    Feridon Malekzadeh, Kasra Hamdi & Negar Ordouzadeh

  3. Microbiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nour Amirmozafari

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

    Amir Ghaemi

Authors
  1. Alireza Shoae Hassani
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  2. Feridon Malekzadeh
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  3. Nour Amirmozafari
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  4. Kasra Hamdi
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  5. Negar Ordouzadeh
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  6. Amir Ghaemi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amir Ghaemi.

Additional information

Alireza Shoae Hassani, Kasra Hamdi and Amir Ghaemi are members of Young Researchers Club (YRC) of Tehran Science & Research Campus of IAU, Tehran, Iran.

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Shoae Hassani, A., Malekzadeh, F., Amirmozafari, N. et al. Phage Shock Protein G, a Novel Ethanol-Induced Stress Protein in Salmonella typhimurium . Curr Microbiol 58, 239–244 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-008-9314-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-008-9314-6

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