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Metakognitives Training bei Schizophrenie

Überblick zu theoretischem Hintergrund und aktueller Befundlage

Metacognitive training in schizophrenia

Review of theoretical background and empirical evidence

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Schizophrenie ist ein komplexes psychiatrisches Störungsbild, dessen Primärbehandlung aktuell mit Antipsychotika erfolgt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Das Metakognitive Training (MKT), das als Gruppen- und Einzeltraining zur Verfügung steht, hat zum Ziel, den Patienten in spielerischer Atmosphäre für kognitive Verzerrungen, z. B. voreiliges Schlussfolgern oder Unkorrigierbarkeit, denen ein Einfluss bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Schizophrenie zugesprochen wird, zu sensibilisieren.

Material und Methode

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Überblick über den Hintergrund und die Inhalte des MKT bei Schizophrenie sowie über die aktuelle Forschungslage zum MKT gegeben.

Ergebnisse

Die Mehrzahl der bislang durchgeführten Studien bestätigt die Effektivität des MKT in Bezug auf Positivsymptomatik und kognitive Verzerrungen. Weitere Forschung ist nötig, um die langfristige Effektivität des MKT zu bestätigen und genauere Kenntnisse über die genauen Wirkmechanismen des MKT zu erhalten.

Schlussfolgerungen

Das MKT kann als vielversprechende Komplementärmaßnahme zur pharmakologischen Therapie angesehen werden.

Abstract

Background

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder for which antipsychotic medications are still the cornerstone of treatment.

Aim

Metacognitive training (MCT) represents a novel psychological intervention, which focuses on cognitive biases, such as jumping to conclusions and incorrigibility, which have been shown to contribute to the formation and maintenance of delusional thoughts.

Material and methods

In this review the theoretical foundations of MCT are discussed and currently available findings on the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy are presented.

Results

Most, but not all, studies have demonstrated that MCT has a moderate effect in reducing both positive symptoms and cognitive biases. Further work is needed to confirm the long-term efficacy and mechanism of action.

Conclusion

Given these findings, MCT appears to hold special promise as a complementary approach.

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Danksagung

Die Autorinnen möchten sich bei Prof. Steffen Moritz für die Durchsicht einer früheren Manuskriptversion sowie bei Lara Bücker für hilfreiche Kommentare bedanken.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Martina Fieker & Brooke C. Schneider

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  1. Martina Fieker
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  2. Brooke C. Schneider
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Correspondence to Martina Fieker.

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Martina Fieker und Brooke C. Schneider geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Harald Freyberger, Stralsund/GreifswaldBernhard Strauß, JenaAnja Hilbert, Leipzig

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Fieker, M., Schneider, B. Metakognitives Training bei Schizophrenie. Psychotherapeut 60, 216–224 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-015-0003-1

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