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Retrospective evaluation of the morpometric and morphological anatomy of the occipital condyle, hypoglossal canal and foramen magnum in Turkish populaton with CBCT

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to morphometrically and morphologically examine the occipital condyle, which is an important anatomical region in terms of surgery and forensic medicine, and its surrounding structures, to evaluate the change in mean values according to gender and age, and to evaluate the correlation of the measurements obtained.

Methods

180 (90 men, 90 women) CBCT images selected from the archive of Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry. Occipital Condyle length and width, Hypoglossal Canal-Basion distance, Hypoglossal Canal-Opistion distance, Hypoglossal Canal–Occipital Condyle anterior and posterior border distance, Occipital Condyle thickness, Hypoglossal Canal length, the widest diameter of Hypoglossal Canal, the narrowest diameter of the Hypoglossal Canal, the length of the Jugular Tubercle, the width of the Jugular Tubercle, the anterior intercondylar distance, the posterior intercondylar distance, and the Foramen Magnum index were measured. At the same time, the presence of septum or spicule in the hypoglossal canal and protrusion of the occipital condyle were evaluated. The relationship of age, gender, anterior and posterior intercondylar distance, and foramen magnum index measurements with all measurements were examined.

Results

In our study, all measurements were repeated 1 month after the first measurements to evaluate the intra-observer agreement, and the agreement between the obtained measurements and the first measurements was evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient and 95% confidence intervals. Men’s measurements were found to be significantly higher than women’s measurements. When the coefficients of concordance in all measurements were examined, it was observed that there was a perfect concordance.

Conclusion

When the results of the study are evaluated, it is seen that the values ​​obtained are generally close to the studies related to CT. Considering this, an idea can be gained as to whether CBCT, which has a lower dose and less cost, can be used as an alternative to CT in studies to be conducted with more comprehensive and different methods in skull base surgical planning.

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Availability of data and materials

The data generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Patient images are stored in the private archive of our faculty and can be shared by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CT:

Computed tomography

CBCT:

Cone beam computed tomography

HGC:

Hypoglossal canal

HGC max:

Hypoglossal canal widest diameter

HGC min:

Hypoglossal canal narrowest diameter

JT:

Jugular tubercules

JTL:

Jugular tubercule length

JTW:

Jugular tubercule width

FOV:

Field of view

OCL:

Occipital condyle length

OCW:

Occipital condyle width

OCT:

Occipital condyle thickness

FM:

Foramen magnum

FML:

Foramen magnum length

FMW:

Foramen magnum width

FMI:

Foramen magnum index

AID:

Anterior intercondylar distance

PID:

Posterior intercondylar distance

ICC:

Interclass correlation coefficient

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Acknowledgements

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Funding

No funding was received in our study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Cengiz Evli, Mehmet Eray Kolsuz & Kaan Orhan

  2. Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

    Kaan Orhan

  3. Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara, Turkey

    Kaan Orhan

Authors
  1. Cengiz Evli
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  2. Mehmet Eray Kolsuz
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  3. Kaan Orhan
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Contributions

CE: manuscript writing and editing, data collection. MEK: data management, data analysis, project development. KO: protocol development, manuscript editing. All authors have contributed significantly, and that all authors are in agreement with the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cengiz Evli.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Ethical approval

Our study was conducted following the principles defined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Access to the data used was restricted to the responsible researcher only. The ethical compliance of the study was approved on 03.02.2021 in the evaluation numbered 3629060/19/2021 and decision number 03/06 by XXX University Faculty of Dentistry Clinical Research Ethics Committee.

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Evli, C., Kolsuz, M.E. & Orhan, K. Retrospective evaluation of the morpometric and morphological anatomy of the occipital condyle, hypoglossal canal and foramen magnum in Turkish populaton with CBCT. Surg Radiol Anat 45, 795–805 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03153-4

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