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Divided destinies: group choice by female savannah baboons during social group fission

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Abstract

Group living provides benefits to individuals while imposing costs on them. In species that live in permanent social groups, group division provides the only opportunity for nondispersing individuals to change their group membership and improve their benefit to cost ratio. We examined group choice by 81 adult female savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus) during four fission events. We measured how each female’s group choice was affected by several factors: the presence of her maternal kin, paternal kin, age peers, and close social partners, her average kinship to groupmates, and her potential for improved dominance rank. Maternal kin, paternal kin, and close social partners influenced group choice by some females, but the relative importance of these factors varied across fissions. Age peers other than paternal kin had no effect on group choice, and average kinship to all groupmates had the same effect on group choice as did maternal kin alone. Most females were subordinate to fewer females after fissions than before, but status improvement did not drive female group choice; females often preferred to remain with social superiors who were their close maternal kin, rather than improving their own social ranks. We suggest that during permanent group fissions, female baboons prefer to remain with close maternal kin if those are abundant enough to influence their fitness; if they have too few close maternal kin then females prefer to remain with close paternal kin, and social bonds with nonkin might also become influential.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by NSF BCS-0323553, NSF IBN-0322613, its predecessors, and the Chicago Zoological Society. We thank many Kenyans for their assistance: the Office of the President, Republic of Kenya, the Kenya Wildlife Services, its Amboseli staff and Wardens, the Institute of Primate Research, the National Museums of Kenya, and the members of the Amboseli–Longido pastoralist communities. Particular thanks go to the Amboseli fieldworkers who contributed to sample and data collection, especially to R. Mututua, S. Sayialel, and J. Warutere. D. Onderdonk and L. Gerber provided database assistance. J. Silk provided the SI data, and K. Smith identified some paternal relationships in Hook’s group. Helpful comments were provided by R. Davidson and several others at Duke University: E. Archie, C. Fitzpatrick, J. Hollister-Smith, D. Loisel, J. Tung, A. Widdig, Y. Zhu, and members of the Drea lab. David Watts, Peter Henzi, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. All protocols were noninvasive and comply with relevant regulations in Kenya (Kenya Research Permit MOEST 13/001/33C 179) and the United States (Duke University IACUC protocol A180-03-05).

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  1. Department of Biology, Duke University, P.O. Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708-0338, USA

    Russell C. Van Horn, Jason C. Buchan & Susan C. Alberts

  2. Institute for Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

    Jeanne Altmann & Susan C. Alberts

  3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Jeanne Altmann

  4. Department of Conservation Biology, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL, USA

    Jeanne Altmann

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  1. Russell C. Van Horn
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Correspondence to Russell C. Van Horn.

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Van Horn, R.C., Buchan, J.C., Altmann, J. et al. Divided destinies: group choice by female savannah baboons during social group fission. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 61, 1823–1837 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0415-1

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