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Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with synthetic grafts. A review of literature

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Abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, one of the most common knee injuries in sports, results in anteroposterior laxity, which often leads to an unstable knee. Traditional ACL reconstruction is performed with autograft; disadvantages of this technique are donor site morbidity and a long rehabilitation period. In the 1980s, artificial ligaments became an attractive alternative to biological grafts. The initial enthusiasm surrounding their introduction stemmed from their lack of donor morbidity, their abundant supply and significant strength, immediate loading and reduced postoperative rehabilitation. Synthetic grafts made of different materials such as carbon fibers, polypropylene, Dacron and polyester have been utilised either as a prosthesis or as an augmentation for a biological ACL graft substitute. Nevertheless, every material presented serious drawbacks: cross-infections, immunological responses, breakage, debris dispersion leading to synovitis, chronic effusions, recurrent instability and knee osteoarthritis. Recently, a resurgence of interest in the use of synthetic prostheses has occurred and studies regarding new artificial grafts have been reported. Although many experimental studies have been made and much effort has been put forth, currently no ideal prosthesis mimicking natural human tissue has been found.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scuola di Specializzazione in Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy

    Claudio Legnani

  2. U.O.S.D. Chirurgia Articolare Mininvasiva (Minimally Invasive Articular Surgery Unit), Istituto Ortopedico G. Pini, Milano, Italy

    Alberto Ventura, Clara Terzaghi & Enrico Borgo

  3. Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto Ortopedico G. Pini, Milano, Italy

    Walter Albisetti

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  1. Claudio Legnani
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  2. Alberto Ventura
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  3. Clara Terzaghi
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  4. Enrico Borgo
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  5. Walter Albisetti
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Correspondence to Claudio Legnani.

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Legnani, C., Ventura, A., Terzaghi, C. et al. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with synthetic grafts. A review of literature. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 34, 465–471 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-010-0963-2

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