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Initial experience with custom-fit total knee replacement: intra-operative events and long-leg coronal alignment

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Abstract

New technology using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows the surgeon to place total knee replacement components into each patient’s pre-arthritic natural alignment. This study evaluated the initial intra-operative experience using this technique. Twenty-one patients had a sagittal MRI of their arthritic knee to determine component placement for a total knee replacement. Cutting guides were machined to control all intra-operative cuts. Intra-operative events were recorded and these knees were compared to a matching cohort of the senior surgeon’s previous 30 conventional total knee replacements. Post-operative scanograms were obtained from each patient and coronal alignment was compared to previous studies using conventional and computer-assisted techniques. There were no intra-operative or acute post-operative complications. There were no differences in blood loss and there was a mean decrease in operative time of 14% compared to a cohort of patients with conventional knee replacements. The average deviation from the mechanical axis was 1.2° of varus, which was comparable to previously reported conventional and computer-assisted techniques. Custom-fit total knee replacement appeared to be a safe procedure for uncomplicated cases of osteoarthritis.

Résumé

Objectif: les nouvelles technologies utilisant l’IRM doivent permettre aux chirurgiens de mettre en place de façon correcte les composants articulaires d’une prothèse de genou chez les patients et ce, d’une façon identique à l’axe articulaire préexistant à l’arthrose. Le but de cette étude est d’également évaluer en peropératoire l’utilisation de cette technique. Matériels et méthodes: 21 patients ont bénéficié d’une IRM sagittale du genou de façon à déterminer le positionnement des implants lors d’une prothèse totale. Les guides de coupe ont été préparés pour permettre cette évaluation en per oprératoire. Les évènements per opératoires ont été rapportés et ces genoux ont été comparés à une cohorte de 30 genoux traités de façon conventionnelle par le même chirurgien sénior. En postopératoire, une évaluation sur un grand film radiographique, dans le plan frontal, avec mesure des axes a été réalisée pour chaque patient en comparant la technique conventionnelle et celle avec l’aide de l’IRM. Résultats: il n’y a pas eu de complications postopératoires. Il n’y a pas de différence dans les pertes sanguines. Il y a une diminution moyenne du temps opératoire de 14% quand on la compare à la technique conventionnelle. La déviation axiale moyenne est de 1,2° en varus ce qui est comparable pour la technique conventionnelle ou la technique assistée par ordinateur. Conclusion: l’utilisation d’un matériel ancillaire conventionnel dans la prothèse totale du genou est une technique suffisamment sure pour le traitement des arthroses du genou sans complication.

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Correspondence to Brian A. Spencer.

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Spencer, B.A., Mont, M.A., McGrath, M.S. et al. Initial experience with custom-fit total knee replacement: intra-operative events and long-leg coronal alignment. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 33, 1571–1575 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-008-0693-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-008-0693-x

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