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Clinical evaluation of systemic and local immune responses in cancer: time for integration

  • Focussed Research Review
  • Published:
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The immune system has a dual role in cancer development and progression. On the one hand, it can eradicate emerging malignant cells, but on the other hand, it can actively promote growth of malignant cells, their invasive capacities and their ability to metastasize. Immune cells with predominantly anti-tumor functionality include cells of the innate immune system, such as natural killer cells, and cells of adaptive immunity, such as conventional dendritic cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immune cells with predominantly pro-tumor functionality include a broad spectrum of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, such as type 2 neutrophils and macrophages, plasmacytoid DC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T lymphocytes. The presence of immune cells with tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting activity in the cancer microenvironment and in peripheral blood is usually associated with good clinical outcomes and poor clinical outcomes, respectively. Significant advances in experimental and clinical oncoimmunology achieved in the last decade open an opportunity for the use of modern morphologic, flow cytometric and functional tests in clinical practice. In this review, we describe an integrated approach to clinical evaluation of the immune status of cancer patients for diagnostic purposes, prognostic/predictive purposes (evaluation of patient prognosis and response to treatment) and for therapeutic purposes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Dmitriy W. Gutkin & Michael R. Shurin

  2. Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Michael R. Shurin

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  1. Dmitriy W. Gutkin
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  2. Michael R. Shurin
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Correspondence to Dmitriy W. Gutkin.

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This paper is a Focussed Research Review based on a presentation given at the Third International Conference on Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunomonitoring (CITIM 2013), held in Krakow, Poland, on 22–25 of April 2013. It is part of a CII series of Focussed Research Reviews and meeting report.

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Gutkin, D.W., Shurin, M.R. Clinical evaluation of systemic and local immune responses in cancer: time for integration. Cancer Immunol Immunother 63, 45–57 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-013-1480-0

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