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Parathyroid scintigraphy findings in chronic kidney disease patients with recurrent hyperparathyroidism

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European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Parathyroidectomy (PTX), either subtotal or total with forearm autografting, is a well-established treatment for refractory renal hyperparathyroidism (RHPT). However, 20–30% of patients develop persistent or recurrent disease. Obtaining accurate localization before reoperation is difficult.

Patients and methods

The study group comprised 21 consecutive adult patients (18 undergoing haemodialysis and 3 with a renal graft) imaged using 99mTc-sestamibi/123I subtraction scintigraphy. Of the 21 patients, 12 had undergone one previous PTX and the other 9 between two and four parathyroid operations. All patients had symptoms and signs of severe RHPT. The mean serum PTH level was 1,142 pg/ml. 99mTc-Sestamibi and 123I images were recorded simultaneously. Imaging views comprised a planar view of the neck and mediastinum, followed by a magnified pinhole view over the thyroid bed area. If parathyroid ectopy was detected, SPECT or SPECT-CT was performed. The forearm was imaged in case of autograft.

Results

Parathyroid scintigraphy was negative in one patient and positive in the other 20 (sensitivity 95.2%). One patient had uptake corresponding to two unresected parathyroid glands. Recurrence at the site of the partially resected gland or autograft was seen in 11 patients. However, six of them had a second 99mTc-sestamibi focus corresponding to a supernumerary parathyroid gland. Seven other patients had a supernumerary parathyroid gland as the sole cause of relapse. Three of the supernumerary glands showed major ectopy (intrathyroidal, low mediastinal, undescended within the vagus nerve). One patient had parathyromatosis with multiple parathyroid nodules scattered over the left side of the neck. Reoperation was possible in 13 patients, with no false-positive findings.

Conclusion

Many patients referred with the hypothesis of hyperplasia of a subtotally resected parathyroid gland or autograft were found to harbour a supernumerary parathyroid gland missed at the initial surgery.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. JM Berthelot, P Lang, V Menoyo-Calonge and all dialysis and nephrology centres that referred patients with recurrent hyperparathyroidism to us for imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université Paris 7, Paris, France

    Elif Hindié, Pierre-Alexandre Just, Marie-Elisabeth Toubert & Jean-Luc Moretti

  2. Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Université Paris VI, Paris, France

    Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara & Isabelle Keller

  3. Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université Paris 7, Paris, France

    Emile Sarfati

  4. Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France

    Didier Mellière

  5. Centre Paul Papin, Université d’Angers, Angers, France

    Christian Jeanguillaume

  6. Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse, Clinique du Landy, 23, Rue Landy, 93400, Saint Ouen, France

    Pablo Ureña-Torres

  7. Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, av Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex-10, Paris, France

    Elif Hindié

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  1. Elif Hindié
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Correspondence to Elif Hindié or Pablo Ureña-Torres.

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Hindié, E., Zanotti-Fregonara, P., Just, PA. et al. Parathyroid scintigraphy findings in chronic kidney disease patients with recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 37, 623–634 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-009-1313-8

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