Abstract
Probiotics have the potential to be used in the prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). In this study, selenium (Se)-enriched Bifidobacterium breve YH68-Se was obtained under optimal culture conditions with single-factor and response surface optimization. The overall environmental resistance of YH68-Se was superior to that of the parental strain YH68, mainly reflected in the substantial improvement of antioxidant activity and gastrointestinal tolerance. YH68-Se dramatically inhibited C. difficile growth, spore, biofilm, toxin production, and virulence gene expression, rapidly disrupted C. difficile cell membrane permeability and integrity, and altered the membrane proton motive force (PMF), induced a large outflow of intracellular substances and eventually caused bacterial death. The main factor inducing this process originated from the lactic acid (LD) in YH68-Se. In addition, the LD production of YH68 increased with increasing selenite concentration and was accompanied by enhanced activities of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and increased concentration of autoinducer-2 (AI-2), which may be the crucial factors contributing to the outstanding probiotic properties of YH68-Se and their potent antagonism of C. difficile.
Key points
• Compared with the parental strain B. breve YH68, the environmental resistance of YH68-Se was improved.
• YH68-Se was able to produce more lactic acid, which suppressed the important physiological activities of C. difficile and rapidly disrupted their cell membrane structures.
• Sodium selenite in the suitable concentration range gradually increases the yield of lactic acid and phenylacetic acid, increased the concentration of autoinducer-2, and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes TrxR and GSH-Px in YH68.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Prof. Hong Yang from the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, for providing the research facilities.
Funding
This work was supported by Grant No. 184080H202B323 from Nanjing Normal University.
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WR, CYG, and JPY conceptualized the presented idea, supervised the findings, analyzed the results, and wrote the manuscript. HRZ and XWL performed the bioinformatics analysis of the data. XYZ and YJX helped in the sampling and sample processing. JPY supervised the project and acquired financial support for the project leading to this publication. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Rui, W., Gu, C., Zhang, H. et al. Antagonistic activity of selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium breve against Clostridioides difficile. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106, 6181–6194 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12124-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12124-5