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Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: is there room for improvement?

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Abstract

The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii is widely used as a low cost and efficient adjuvant against gastrointestinal tract disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and treatment of several types of diarrhea, both in humans and animals. S. boulardii exerts its protective mechanisms by binding and neutralizing enteric pathogens or their toxins, by reducing inflammation and by inducing the secretion of sIgA. Although several S. cerevisiae strains have proven probiotic potential in both humans and animals, only S. boulardii is currently licensed for use in humans. Recently, some researchers started using S. boulardii as heterologous protein expression systems. Combined with their probiotic activity, the use of these strains as prophylactic and therapeutic proteins carriers might result in a positive combined effort to fight specific diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the current use of S. cerevisiae strains as probiotics and their mechanisms of action. We also discuss their potential to produce molecules with biotherapeutic application and the advantages and hurdles of this approach. Finally, we suggest future directions and alternatives for which the combined effort of specific immunomodulatory effects of probiotic S. cerevisiae strains and ability to express desired foreign genes would find a practical application.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Professor Cláudio A. Masuda, from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for critically reviewing this manuscript and helpful scientific discussions, and to Stefan Lamers, for English language editing of the manuscript. We thank the funding organisms Fondazione RiMED (Palermo, Italy) and Fundação para o Amparo da Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

      Mariana L. Palma

    2. University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research, room 9052, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA

      Mariana L. Palma, Ernesto T. A. Marques Jr & Bruno Douradinha

    3. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

      Daniel Zamith-Miranda & Leonardo Nimrichter

    4. Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

      Flaviano S. Martins

    5. Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

      Fernando A. Bozza

    6. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

      Mônica Montero-Lomeli

    7. Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

      Ernesto T. A. Marques Jr

    8. Fondazione RiMED, Palermo, Italy

      Bruno Douradinha

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    1. Mariana L. Palma
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    Correspondence to Bruno Douradinha.

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    Mariana L. Palma and Daniel Zamith-Miranda contributed equally to this work.

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    Palma, M.L., Zamith-Miranda, D., Martins, F.S. et al. Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: is there room for improvement?. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99, 6563–6570 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6776-x

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