Skip to main content
Log in

Continuous production of isopropanol and butanol using Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423

  • Biotechnological Products and Process Engineering
  • Published:
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 was studied using different continuous production methods to give maximum and stable production of isopropanol and n-butanol. In a single-stage continuous culture, when wood pulp was added as a cell holding material, we could increase the solvent productivity from 0.47 to 5.52 g L−1 h−1 with the yield of 54% from glucose. The overall solvent concentration of 7.51 g L−1 (39.4% isopropanol and 60.6% n-butanol) with the maximum solvent productivity of 0.84 g L−1 h−1 was obtained with two-stage continuous culture. We were able to run the process for more than 48 overall retention times without losing the ability to produce solvents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed I, Ross RA, Mathur VK, Chesbro WR (1988) Growth rate dependence of solventogenesis and solvents produced by Clostridium beijerinckii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 28:182–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bahl H, Andersch W, Gottschalk G (1982) Continuous production of acetone and butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum in a two-stage phosphate limited chemostat. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 15(4):201–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cascone R (2008) Biobutanol—a replacement for bioethanol? Chem Eng Prog 104:S4–S9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen JS, Hiu SF (1986) Acetone–butanol–isopropanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii (Synonym, Clostridium butylicum). Biotechnol Lett 8(5):371–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ennis BM, Maddox IS (1989) Production of solvents (ABE fermentation) from whey permeate by continuous fermentation in a membrane bioreactor. Bioprocess Eng 4:27–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ezeji T, Blaschek HP (2008) Fermentation of dried distillers' grains and solubles (DDGS) hydrolysates to solvents and value-added products by solventogenic clostridia. Bioresour Technol 99(12):5232–5242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg CW (1987) Production of 1, 3-propanediol from glycerol by Clostridium acetobutylicum and other Clostridium species. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:639–643

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gapes JR, Nimcevic D, Friedl A (1996) Long-term continuous cultivation of Clostridium beijerinckii in a two-stage chemostat with on-line solvent removal. Appl Environ Microbiol 62(9):3210–3219

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • George HA, Chen JS (1983) Acidic conditions are not obligatory for onset of butanol formation by Clostridium beijerinckii (Synonym, C. butylicum). Appl Environ Microbiol 46(2):321–327

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • George HA, Johnson JL, Moore WEC, Holdeman LV, Chen JS (1983) Acetone, isopropanol, and butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii (syn. Clostridium butylicum) and Clostridium aurantibutyricum. Appl Environ Microbiol 45(3):1160–1163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh S, Klass DL (1978) Two-phase anaerobic digestion. Process Biochem 13(4):15–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Godin C, Engasser JM (1989) Acid in the first stage is a determinant factor for the solvent production in the two-stage continuous fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Biotechnol Lett 11:903–906

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green EM (2011) Fermentative production of butanol—the industrial perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 22:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris LM, Desai RP, Welker NE, Papoutsakis ET (2000) Characterization of recombinant strains of the Clostridium acetobutylicum butyrate kinase inactivation mutant: need for new phenomenological models for solventogenesis and butanol inhibition? Biotechnol Bioeng 67:1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harris LM, Blank L, Desai RP, Welker NE, Papoutsakis ET (2001) Fermentation characterization and flux analysis of recombinant strains of Clostridium acerobutylicum with an inactivated solR gene. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 27:322–328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang WC, Ramey D, Yang ST (2004) Continuous production of butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum immobilized in a fibrous bed bioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 115(1):887–898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson JL, Toth J, Santiwatanakul S, Chen JS (1997) Cultures of “Clostridium acetobutylicum” from various collections comprise Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, and two other distinct types based on DNA–DNA reassociation. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:420–424

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keis S, Bennett CF, Ward VK, Jones DT (1995) Taxonomy and phylogeny of industrial solvent-producing clostridia. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:693–705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krouwel PG, van der Laan WFM, Kossen NWF (1980) Continuous production of n-butanol and isopropanol by immobilized, growing Clostridium butylicum cells. Biotechnol Lett 2(5):253–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SM, Cho MO, Park CH, Chung YC, Kim JH, Sang BI, Um Y (2008) Continuous butanol production using suspended and immobilized Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 with supplementary butyrate. Energy Fuels 22(5):3459–3464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li SY, Srivastava R, Suib SL, Li Y, Parnas RS (2011) Performance of batch, fed-batch, and continuous A–B–E fermentation with pH-control. Biores Technol 102(5):4241–4250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lütke-Eversloh T, Bahl H (2011) Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum: recent advances to improve butanol production. Curr Opin Biotechnol. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.01.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maddox IS (1989) The acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation: recent progress in technology. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 7:189–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mariano AP, Costa CBB, De Angelis DDF, Maugeri Filho F, Atala DIP, Wolf Maciel MR, Maciel Filho R (2010) Optimisation of a fermentation process for butanol production by particle swarm optimisation (PSO). J Chem Technol Biotechnol 85(7):934–949

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulchaldani A, Volesky B (1994) Production of acetone–butanol–ethanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum using a spin filter perfusion bioreactor. J Biotechnol 34:51–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mutschlechner O, Swoboda H, Gapes JR (2000) Continuous two-stage ABE-fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B592 operating with a growth rate in the first stage vessel close to its maximal value. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2(1):101–105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nair RV, Bennett GN, Papoutsakis ET (1994) Molecular characterization of an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. J Bacteriol 176:871–885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen DR, Prather KJ (2009) In situ product recovery of n-butanol using polymeric resins. Biotechnol Bioeng 102(3):811–821

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palsson BO, Fathi-Afshar S, Rudd DF, Lightfoot EN (1981) Biomass as a source of chemical feedstocks. Science 213:513–517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Papanikolaou S, Fakas S, Fick M, Chevalot I, Galiotou-Panayotou M, Komaitis M, Marc I, Aggelis G (2008) Biotechnological valorisation of raw glycerol discharged after bio-diesel (fatty acid methyl esters) manufacturing process: production of 1,3-propanediol, citric acid and single cell oil. Biomass Bioenerg 32(1):60–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi N, Maddox IS (1995) Continuous production of acetone–butanol–ethanol using immobilized cells of Clostridium acetobutylicum and integration with product removal by liquid–liquid extraction. J Ferment Bioeng 80(2):185–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi N, Schripsema J, Lienhardt J, Blaschek HP (2000) Continuous solvent production by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 immobilized by adsorption onto brick. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 16(4):377–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi N, Lai LL, Blaschek HP (2004) Scale-up of a high productivity continuous biofilm reactor to produce butanol by adsorbed cells of Clostridium beijerinckii. Trans IChemE Part C 82(C2):164–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi N, Ezeji TC, Ebener J, Dien BS, Cotta MA, Blaschek HP (2008) Butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii. Part I: use of acid and enzyme hydrolyzed corn fiber. Bioresour Technol 99(13):5915–5922

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Z, Liu S (2010) Production of n-butanol from concentrated sugar maple hemicellulosic hydrolysate by Clostridia acetobutylicum ATCC824. Biom Bioener. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.07.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tashiro Y, Takeda K, Kobayashi G, Sonomoto K (2005) High production of acetone–butanol–ethanol with high cell density culture by cell-recycling and bleeding. J Biotechnol 120(2):197–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomas CA, Welker NE, Papoutsakis ET (2003) Overexpression of groESL in Clostridium acetobutylicum results in increased solvent production and tolerance, prolonged metabolism, and changes in the cell's transcriptional program. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:4951–4965

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson SR, Young M, Goodacre R, Morris JG, Farrow JAE, Collins MD (1995) Phenotypic and genotypic differences between certain strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 125:199–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan RT, Zhu CX, Golemboski C, Chen JS (1988) Expression of solvent-forming enzymes and onset of solvent production in batch cultures of Clostridium beijerinckii (“Clostridium butylicum”). Appl Environ Microbiol 54:642–648

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Ma Y, Yang F, Zhang C (2009) Continuous acetone–butanol–ethanol production by corn stalk immobilized cells. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 36:1117–1121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tom Granström.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Survase, S.A., Jurgens, G., van Heiningen, A. et al. Continuous production of isopropanol and butanol using Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 91, 1305–1313 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3322-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3322-3

Keywords

Navigation