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Achievements and perspectives to overcome the poor solvent resistance in acetone and butanol-producing microorganisms

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Abstract

Anaerobic bacteria such as the solventogenic clostridia can ferment a wide range of carbon sources (e.g., glucose, galactose, cellobiose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose) to produce carboxylic acids (acetic and butyric) and solvents such as acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE). The fermentation process typically proceeds in two phases (acidogenic and solventogenic) in a batch mode. Poor solvent resistance by the solventogenic clostridia and other fermenting microorganisms is a major limiting factor in the profitability of ABE production by fermentation. The toxic effect of solvents, especially butanol, limits the concentration of these solvents in the fermentation broth, limiting solvent yields and adding to the cost of solvent recovery from dilute solutions. The accepted dogma is that toxicity in the ABE fermentation is due to chaotropic effects of butanol on the cell membranes of the fermenting microorganisms, which poses a challenge for the biotechnological whole-cell bio-production of butanol. This mini-review is focused on (1) the effects of solvents on inhibition of cell metabolism (nutrient transport, ion transport, and energy metabolism); (2) cell membrane fluidity, death, and solvent tolerance associated with the ability of cells to tolerate high concentrations of solvents without significant loss of cell function; and (3) strategies for overcoming poor solvent resistance in acetone and butanol-producing microorganisms.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by funding from Northeast Sungrant (Cornell University) Award/Contract number GRT00012344, National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35504-17419, NSF CAREER award (NDP) to Nathan Price, and Seed grant from Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Wooster.

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  1. Center for Advanced BioEnergy Research, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Hans P. Blaschek

  2. Department of Animal Sciences and Ohio State Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, 305 Gerlaugh Hall, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA

    Thaddeus Ezeji

  3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, 119 Roger Adams Laboratory, Box C-3, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Caroline Milne & Nathan D. Price

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  1. Thaddeus Ezeji
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Correspondence to Hans P. Blaschek.

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Ezeji, T., Milne, C., Price, N.D. et al. Achievements and perspectives to overcome the poor solvent resistance in acetone and butanol-producing microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85, 1697–1712 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2390-0

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