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Distribution Characteristics of Bacterial Communities and Hydrocarbon Degradation Dynamics During the Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil by Enhancing Moisture Content

  • Soil Microbiology
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Abstract

Microorganisms are the driver of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in soil micro-ecological systems. However, the distribution characteristics of microbial communities and hydrocarbon degradation dynamics during the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by enhancing moisture content are not clear. In this study, polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing of soil microbial DNA were applied to investigate the compositions of microorganisms and alpha diversity in the oil-polluted soil, and the hydrocarbon removal also being analyzed using ultrasonic extraction and gravimetric method in a laboratory simulated ex-situ experiment. Results showed the distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms in the petroleum-contaminated loessal soil mainly was Proteobacteria phylum (96.26%)—Gamma-proteobacteria class (90.03%)—Pseudomonadales order (89.98%)—Pseudomonadaceae family (89.96%)—Pseudomonas sp. (87.22%). After 15% moisture content treatment, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes still were the predominant phyla, but their relative abundances changed greatly. Also Bacillus sp. and Promicromonospora sp. became the predominant genera. Maintaining 15% moisture content increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Bacillus sp. As the moisture-treated time increases, the uniformity and the richness of the soil bacterial community were decreased and increased respectively; the relative abundance of Pseudomonas sp. increased. Petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by enhancing soil moisture accorded with the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic model (correlation coefficient of 0.81; half-life of 56 weeks). The richness of Firmicutes phylum and Bacillus sp. may be a main reason for promoting the removal of 18% petroleum hydrocarbons responded to 15% moisture treatment. Our results provided some beneficial microbiological information of oil-contaminated soil and will promote the exploration of remediation by changing soil moisture content for increasing petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21577109), the Program for Innovative Research Team in Shaanxi (PIRT) (Grant No. 2013KCT-13), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2015JM5163), and the Key Laboratory Project of the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (13JS048).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, 710055, China

    Heng Liu, Huan Gao, Manli Wu, Chuang Ma, Jialuo Wu & Xiqiong Ye

  2. Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 710055, China

    Heng Liu, Huan Gao, Manli Wu, Chuang Ma, Jialuo Wu & Xiqiong Ye

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  1. Heng Liu
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  2. Huan Gao
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  3. Manli Wu
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Correspondence to Manli Wu.

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Liu, H., Gao, H., Wu, M. et al. Distribution Characteristics of Bacterial Communities and Hydrocarbon Degradation Dynamics During the Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil by Enhancing Moisture Content. Microb Ecol 80, 202–211 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01476-7

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