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The altered composition of gut microbiota and biochemical features as well as dietary patterns in a southern Chinese population with recurrent renal calcium oxalate stones

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Abstract

The correlation among gut microbiota, biochemical features, and dietary patterns in recurrent stone formers has been inadequately investigated in the Chinese population. Forty-two patients with calcium oxalate stones (CaOxS group), including 34 recurrent stone formers (RS group), and 40 nonstone healthy subjects (NS group) from Changshu Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, were prospectively recruited. Food frequency questionnaires were completed by participants, fasting vein blood was extracted, 24-h urine was collected for biochemical detection, and fecal samples were gathered for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. BMI; serum levels of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), magnesium, and creatinine; and urine levels of magnesium in stone formers were significantly different from those of controls, and RS patients showed significantly low serum phosphate and high urine phosphate levels. Celery, bamboo shoots, and pickled food were the favored foods of local stone formers. Patients with recurrent stones had altered microbiota composition, with Escherichia, Fusobacterium, and Epulopiscium being the predominant pathogenic genera. The gut microbiota in RS patients had stronger functions in fatty acid and amino acid degradation but weaker functions in their biosynthesis. The pathogenic genera were positively correlated with BMI; serum levels of TGs and creatinine; urine levels of calcium, phosphate, and uric acid (UA); and celery, bamboo shoots, and pickled food intake. The abundance of Escherichia and Fusobacterium and the levels of serum magnesium and creatinine were the most relevant factors associated with stone recurrence and could be validated as biomarkers of recurrence. Our research provides a novel prevention strategy for the recurrence of renal calcium oxalate stones in the Han Chinese population of southern China.

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The raw data of 16S rRNA gene sequencing were uploaded as a BioProject to the NCBI database (PRJNA921953).

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Funding

This work was supported by Changshu Medical Science and Technology Program (cswsq202002), Soochow Science and Technology Project (SKJY2021008), Introduction Project of Clinical Medicine Expert Team for Changshu (CSYJTD202001), and Suzhou Medical Research Key Talents Program (GSWS2021016).

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  1. Cheng Cao and Xiaohua Jin have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Urology, The Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, China

    Cheng Cao, Xiaohua Jin, Qi Ding & Bo Fan

  2. Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

    Jin Zhu & Dongrong Yang

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Contributions

CC, FB, and JXH contributed to conception and design of the study. CC analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. Data collection was performed by DQ and JXH. ZJ and YDR revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bo Fan.

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This study was approved by the ethics committee of Changshu Hospital affiliated to Soochow University according to the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki (EC number. 2020-016).This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Cao, C., Jin, X., Ding, Q. et al. The altered composition of gut microbiota and biochemical features as well as dietary patterns in a southern Chinese population with recurrent renal calcium oxalate stones. Urolithiasis 51, 95 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-023-01467-x

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