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Phylogeography of direct-developing sea stars in the genus Leptasterias in relation to San Francisco Bay outflow in central California

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Abstract

Genetic structure in the marine environment can show patterns consistent with expectations of life history, geography, and ocean circulation. Organisms with direct development often have low dispersal rates and high potential for local adaptation. Leptasterias is a genus of six-rayed sea stars with direct development and multiple clades forming cryptic species complexes on the eastern Pacific coast. The L. aequalis complex is comprised of several clades found on the central California coast in intertidal and subtidal habitats. Using DNA sequence data from portions of the mitochondrial putative control region and 16S, we show here that a previously undescribed and genetically distinct lineage of Leptasterias inhabits intertidal sites in close proximity to the San Francisco Bay estuary, while geographically separated yet genetically similar clades are located to the north and south. The San Francisco Bay estuary might act as a phylogeographic barrier to dispersal and localized environmental features of San Francisco Bay outflow might shape opportunities for differentiation by further partitioning Leptasterias populations.

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Acknowledgements

We thank many Cohen Lab members and volunteers for help with fieldwork, experimental design, and comments on the manuscript including R. Coleman, A. Lai, A. Horwath, B. Chow, C. Craig, J. Spaulding, B. Sheets, D. Clancy. S. Miller, A. Smith, V. Guerra, R. Eberl, and J. Bair. We thank D. Foltz, V. and J. Pearse, R. Everett, C. Mah, J. Largier, R. Grosberg, and M. Dawson for discussion. We appreciate the comments from two anonymous reviewers. This research was supported through the San Francisco State University Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE) fellowship (NIH MBRS-RISE: R25-GM059298) and Climate Change Scholar program of SFSU College of Science and Engineering awarded to RJS during her undergraduate studies. Molecular work was conducted at the RTC Gene Lab, supported by RTC, NSF FSML Grant no. 0435044 (CSC) donations from Biolink CCSF, and the SFSU College of Science and Engineering. This is contribution 33 from the SFSU RTC Shared Molecular Facility.

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  1. Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA, 94920, USA

    Laura M. Melroy, Riley J. Smith & C. Sarah Cohen

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Correspondence to C. Sarah Cohen.

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Laura M. Melroy and Riley J. Smith equal contributions to authorship.

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Melroy, L.M., Smith, R.J. & Cohen, C.S. Phylogeography of direct-developing sea stars in the genus Leptasterias in relation to San Francisco Bay outflow in central California. Mar Biol 164, 152 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3184-z

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