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Maternal Early Pregnancy Plasma Concentration of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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Abstract

We examined whether 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] concentrations, measured at the first prenatal visit, would be associated with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). From July 2015 to June 2016, consecutive women who admitted to the two-obstetrics center in china were included. Relevant data were collected between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 25(OH) D concentrations at the first prenatal visit and the one-step GDM screened with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood from women at first prenatal visit was available for 827 women and 101 of them developed GDM (12.2%). The GDM distribution across the 25(OH) D quartiles ranged between 3.9% (fourth quartile, Q4) and 26.1% (first quartile, Q1). The median plasma concentration of 25(OH) D at first prenatal visit was significantly lower in women who developed GDM compared with those not developed (p < 0.001). In multivariate models comparing the 25(OH) D of Q1, second (Q2) and third quartiles (Q3) against the Q4, it observed that concentrations of 25(OH) D in Q1 and Q2 were associated with later developed GDM, and risk of GDM was increased by 240 and 48%, respectively. The women group with combined vitamin D deficiency and obesity had an OR of 4.66 [95% CI (2.91–8.15); p < 0.001] for GDM compared to those without vitamin D deficiency and obesity. Low 25(OH) D concentrations at the first prenatal visit were associated with increased risk of GDM and might be useful in identifying women at risk of GDM for performing early prevention strategies.

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Acknowledgments

The work was supported from the Chinese National Natural Science foundation (81401263), Shanghai municipal health and Family Planning Commission of traditional Chinese medicine research (2014LP010A), Shanghai Jiao University Scientific and Technological Innovation Funds (17JCYA01) and Research project of Shanghai municipal health and Family Planning Commission (140826110504864). We are grateful to the nurses, physicians, and patients who participated in our study; and the staff of the central laboratory of our Hospital. Authors also acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Zhang and Dr. Wang (Cangzhou Central Hospital, China) who had helped us to collect clinical information and blood samples. All authors have contributed significantly, and that all authors are in agreement with the content of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Changen Xu

  2. Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China

    He-hong Ma

  3. Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, 200011, Shanghai, China

    Yao Wang

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  1. Changen Xu
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  2. He-hong Ma
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  3. Yao Wang
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Correspondence to Yao Wang.

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Conflict of interest

Changen Xu, He-hong Ma, and Yao Wang declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. All participants or their relatives were informed of the study protocol, and their written informed consents were obtained before their inclusion.

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Xu, C., Ma, Hh. & Wang, Y. Maternal Early Pregnancy Plasma Concentration of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Calcif Tissue Int 102, 280–286 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-017-0346-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-017-0346-4

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