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Sex Difference between Body Composition and Weight-Bearing Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adult Twins: Healthy Twin Study

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Abstract

We performed a monozygotic (MZ) cotwin–control study using the MZ twin pair difference in bone mineral density (BMD) to assess the relationship between body composition and BMD at weight-bearing sites. This study controlled for common genetic factors and applied only to environmental factors, using 185 MZ twin pairs aged 30–50 years (140 male subjects, 230 female subjects). As expected, total lean mass (TLM) was greater in males and total fat mass (TFM) was greater in females. In male twins, TLM was associated with BMD at the legs, pelvis, and spine, with percent BMD increases of 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17–0.64), 0.62 (95% CI 0.35–0.89), and 0.27 (95% CI 0.01–0.54) for every 1 kg. In female twins, TFM was associated with BMD at the legs and pelvis, with percent BMD increases of 0.10 (95% CI 0.03–0.17) and 0.10 (95% CI 0.02–0.18) for every 1 kg. The results support the hypothesis that skeletal muscle and bone mass in middle-aged men are linked. In contrast, this association was not shown in women, and the impact of TFM on BMD was significant. Therefore, there were sex differences in the relationship of body composition on BMD.

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Acknowledgement

The Healthy Twin study is a family module of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study and was supported by a Korean CDC Research Program contract (budget numbers 2005-347-2400-2440-215, 2006-347-2400-2440-215, 2007-347-2400-2440-215, 2008-E00255-00, and 2009-E00500-00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

    Taehun Kim, Joohon Sung & Sung-Il Cho

  2. Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

    Joohon Sung

  3. Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea

    Yun-Mi Song

  4. Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, School of Medicine, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea

    Kayoung Lee

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  1. Taehun Kim
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  2. Joohon Sung
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  5. Sung-Il Cho
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Correspondence to Sung-Il Cho.

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The authors have stated that they have no conflict of interest.

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Kim, T., Sung, J., Song, YM. et al. Sex Difference between Body Composition and Weight-Bearing Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adult Twins: Healthy Twin Study. Calcif Tissue Int 88, 495–502 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-011-9483-3

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