Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder characterized by recurrent pharyngeal collapses during sleep leading to intermittent hypoxia and sleep disruption. Cognitive challenges and high risks of cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are closely associated with OSA. Currently, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is widely used in the treatment of OSA. However, whether CPAP benefits cognitive functions in patients with OSA remains elusive. Here, we identified published studies through a systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang Data, CBM, and CNKI from January 1, 1970, to July 1, 2020. 288 patients from 7 articles (one was excluded in the meta-analysis for it was a follow-up study) were included in the present study. It revealed that cognitive functions of OSA patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD were mildly but significantly improved after CPAP treatment (SMD 0.49, 95% CI 0.11–0.86), especially long-term CPAP treatment (SMD 0.56, 95% CI 0.10–1.02, p = 0.02), as measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (SMD 0.49, 95%CI 0.11–0.86). However, no significant cognition benefits were detected by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (SMD 0.43, 95% CI 0.85–1.72). In terms of heterogeneity, cognitive improvements by CPAP were detectable on OSA patients either at a younger age or over longer periods of CPAP treatment. Therefore, our findings highlight the partial efficiency of CPAP treatment in cognition improvement of OSA patients with MCI or AD.
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This is a part of the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Zicong Wang and Xinzhao Jiang. We thank all the participants for their willingness to participate in the study.
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This study was funded by National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (Grant number: S202010487038).
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XJ and ZW contribute equally to this work. At present, they are studying at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, respectively. The idea for the article was raised by XJ and NH. The literature search and data analysis were performed by XJ and ZW. The first draft of the manuscript was written by XJ and ZW, and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and critically revised the work. The funding was required by ZW, XJ, and YY. This work was supervised by YY, RX, and ZF.
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Jiang, X., Wang, Z., Hu, N. et al. Cognition effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis. Exp Brain Res 239, 3537–3552 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06225-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06225-2