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Electrochemical biosensors for measurement of colorectal cancer biomarkers

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with one of the highest rates of mortality among cancers worldwide. The early detection and management of CRC is imperative. Biomarkers play an important role in CRC screening tests, CRC treatment, and prognosis and clinical management; thus rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers is helpful for early detection of CRC. In recent years, electrochemical biosensors for detecting CRC biomarkers have been widely investigated. In this review, different electrochemical detection methods for CRC biomarkers including immunosensors, aptasensors, and genosensors are summarized. Further, representative examples are provided that demonstrate the advantages of electrochemical sensors modified by various nanomaterials. Finally, the limitations and prospects of biomarkers and electrochemical sensors in detection are also discussed.

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Abbreviations

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

SWV:

Square wave voltammetry

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

LSV:

Linear sweep voltammetry

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

AuNPs:

Gold nanoparticles

MWCNTs:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

RSD:

Relative standard deviation

Ab1 :

Primary antibody

Ab2 :

Secondary antibody

PSA:

Prostate-specific antigen

HIgG:

Human immunoglobulin G

AFP:

Alpha fetoprotein

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

PDA:

Polydopamine

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

GO:

Graphene oxide

Fc:

Ferrocene

LR:

Linear range

LOD:

Limit of detection

Rf:

References

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

Fc-g-PLL:

Ferrocene-grafted-polylysine

CS-H:

Carbon spheres-Hemin

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

Au:

TNPs Au triangular nanoprisms

YNCs:

Yolk-shell nanocubes

CS-N-GR:

Chitosan-nitrogen-graphene

T-GO:

Thiolated graphene oxide

SA:

Streptavidin

B-mAb:

Biotin monoclonal antibody

IC:

Immediate current

SPCE:

Screen-printed carbon electrode

GNP:

Graphene nanoplatelets

CSHs:

Copper silicate hollow spheres

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

PEDOT:

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

CA199:

Carbohydrate antigen 199

THi:

Thionine

CS:

Chitosan

GOD:

Glucose oxidase

mSiO2 :

Mesoporous silica

3DOM:

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous

GA:

Glutaraldehyde

TEPA:

Tetraethylene pentamine

SA-Pt:

Sodium alginate platinum nanoparticle

MB:

Methylene blue

CCSP@GOx:

Calcium carbonate nanoparticles with glucose oxidase

FeOx@mC:

Ferric oxide nanoparticles@mesoporous carbon matrix

MA:

Melamine

MUC1:

Mucin1

Apt:

Aptamer

FTO:

Fluorine tin oxide

TMB:

Tetramethylbenzidine

ZrHF@mFe3O4@mC:

Zirconium hexacyanoferrate@Fe3O4@carbon mesoporous nanomaterial

cDNA:

Complementary DNA

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

SWCNTs:

Single walled carbon nanotubes

HCPE:

Heated carbon electrode

PPC:

Phosphorylcholine

GSPE:

Graphite-screen printed electrodes

PPCE:

Polypyrrole polymer containing epoxy

P-Cys:

Poly L-cysteine

StarPGMA :

Star-shaped poly(glycidyl methacrylate)

GQDs:

Graphene quantum dots

PEA:

Phenylethylamine

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

P-N3 :

Azide modified hairpin capture probe

P-DBCO:

Dibenzocyclooctyne modified signal probe

LNA:

Locked nucleic acid

ssDNA:

Single-stranded DNA

S1 :

Strand 1

Exo III:

Exonuclease III

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

CPE:

Carbon paste electrode

MIS:

Molecularly imprinted siloxane

ns@gold:

Gold nanostructure

3-APTES:

3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane

MIP:

Molecularly imprinted polymers

PT:

Polythiophene

TMC:

N-Trimethyl chitosan

p-COF:

Porphyrin-covalent organic framework

CMK-3:

Order mesoporous carbon

Poly(AC-co-MDHLA):

Poly-acrylamide-co-methacrylate of dihydrolipoic acid

AMS:

Amino-functionalized mesoporous silica

miRNA:

microRNA

den:

Dendritic

UiO-66:

Pd@metal organic frameworks

H1:

Hairpin DNA 1

GONRs:

Graphene oxide nanoribbons

TDN:

Tetrahedron DNA nanostructure

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Acknowledgments

The research is supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (No. 61901239), Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (No. tsqn201812087), QingChuang science and technology plan of colleges and universities in Shandong Province (No. 2019KJB009), Major Research & Development Program of Shandong Province (No. 2019GGX104044), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR201911150517), 2020 Lu-Yu Science and Technology Cooperation Program (No. 2020LYXZ20), and Undergraduate teaching reform project of higher education of Shandong (No. M2020086).

Funding

Major Research & Development Program of Shandong Province (No. 2019GGX104044), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR201911150517), 2020 Lu-Yu Science and Technology Cooperation Program (No. 2020LYXZ20), Undergraduate teaching reform project of higher education of Shandong (No.M2020086).

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  1. Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China

    Wenxian Zhang, Guangchun Xiao, Jun Chen, Li Wang, Jian Wu, Wenhong Zhang, Ming Song, Jinwei Qiao & Chonghai Xu

  2. Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China

    Qiongzheng Hu

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  1. Wenxian Zhang
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Correspondence to Li Wang.

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Zhang, W., Xiao, G., Chen, J. et al. Electrochemical biosensors for measurement of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 2407–2428 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03197-8

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