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Magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique for preconcentration and ultra-trace determination of Cd in honey

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Abstract

A simple, highly efficient, batch, and centrifuge-less dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on a magnetic ionic liquid (MIL-DLLME) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) detection was developed for ultra-trace Cd determination in honey. Initially, Cd(II) was chelated with ammonium diethyldithiophosphate (DDTP) at pH 0.5 followed by its extraction with the MIL trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tetrachloroferrate(III) ([P6,6,6,14]FeCl4) and acetonitrile as dispersant. The MIL phase containing the analyte was separated from the aqueous phase using only a magnet. A back-extraction procedure was applied to recover Cd from the MIL phase using diluted HNO3 and this solution was directly injected into the graphite furnace of ETAAS instrument. An extraction efficiency of 93% and a sensitivity enhancement factor of 112 were obtained under optimal experimental conditions. The detection limit (LOD) was 0.4 ng L−1 Cd, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.8% (at 2 μg L−1 Cd and n = 10), calculated from the peak height of absorbance signals. This work reports the first application of the MIL [P6,6,6,14]FeCl4 along with the DLLME technique for the successful determination of Cd at trace levels in different honey samples.

Preconcentration of ultratraces of Cd in honey using a magnetic ionic liquid and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (FONCYT) (Projects PICT-2013-0072-BID and PICT-2016-2506-BID), and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Project 06/M099) (Argentina).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Research and Development (QUIANID), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), UNCUYO-CONICET, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina

    Emiliano F. Fiorentini, Leticia B. Escudero & Rodolfo G. Wuilloud

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  1. Emiliano F. Fiorentini
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  2. Leticia B. Escudero
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  3. Rodolfo G. Wuilloud
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Correspondence to Rodolfo G. Wuilloud.

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Published in the topical collection Ionic Liquids as Tunable Materials in (Bio)Analytical Chemistry with guest editors Jared L. Anderson and Kevin D. Clark.

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Fiorentini, E.F., Escudero, L.B. & Wuilloud, R.G. Magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique for preconcentration and ultra-trace determination of Cd in honey. Anal Bioanal Chem 410, 4715–4723 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1050-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1050-6

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