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A multiplex immunochromatographic test using gold nanoparticles for the rapid and simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in fish samples

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Abstract

There is an urgent need for the rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple analytes present in a sample matrix. Here, a multiplex immunochromatographic test (multi-ICT) was developed that successfully allowed for the rapid and simultaneous detection of four major nitrofuran metabolites, i.e., 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM), 3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), and 1-aminohydantoin (AHD), in fish samples. Four different antigens were separately immobilized in four test lines on a nitrocellulose membrane. Goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin (IgG) was used as a control. Sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize the corresponding antigens were selected for the assay, and no cross-reactivity between the antibodies in the detection assay was observed. The free analytes in samples or standards were pre-incubated with freeze-dried mAb–gold conjugates to improve the sensitivity of the detection assay. The multi-ICT detection was accomplished in less than 15 min by the naked eye. The cutoff values for the strip test were 0.5 ng/mL for AOZ and 0.75 ng/mL for AHD, SEM, and AMOZ, which were all below the maximum residue levels set by the European Union and China. A high degree of consistency was observed between the multi-ICT method and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits using spiked, incurred, and “blind” fish samples, indicating the accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability of the novel test strip. This newly developed multi-ICT strip assay is suitable for the rapid and high-throughput screening of four nitrofuran metabolites in fish samples on-site, with no treatment or devices required.

A multiplex immunochromatographic test (multi-ICT) was developed that successfully allowed for the rapid and simultaneous detection of four major nitrofuran metabolites (AOZ, SEM, AMOZ, and AHD) in fish samples

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to Dr. Xiangan Han for expert advice and helping to edit the manuscript.

Funding

This work was funded by the Shanghai Science and Technology Standard Fund (Grant No. 17140900400) and the National Special Research Programs for Non-Profit Trades (Agriculture) (Grant No. 201303045).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200241, China

    Quan Wang, Yingchun Liu, Mingyan Wang, Yongjun Chen & Wei Jiang

Authors
  1. Quan Wang
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  2. Yingchun Liu
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  3. Mingyan Wang
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  4. Yongjun Chen
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  5. Wei Jiang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Jiang.

Ethics declarations

All animal experiments were in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUS) guidelines of the Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS). The Ethics Committee of CAAS approves the use of fish for the present experiment.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Wang, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, M. et al. A multiplex immunochromatographic test using gold nanoparticles for the rapid and simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in fish samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 410, 223–233 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0714-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0714-y

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