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Dispersion of magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles coated with a deep eutectic solvent using ultrasound assistance for preconcentration of methadone in biological and water samples followed by GC–FID and GC–MS

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Abstract

Magnetic graphene nanoparticles coated with a new deep eutectic solvent (Fe3O4@GO-DES) were developed for efficient preconcentration of methadone. The extracted methadone was then analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID) or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Fe3O4@GO-DES were characterized by Fourier transform IR and X-ray diffraction techniques. Ultrasound was used to enhance the dispersion of the sorbent, with a high extraction recovery. Some parameters affecting the extraction recovery, such as pH, type of deep eutectic solvent, sample volume, amount of sorbent, extraction time, and type of eluent, were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the method developed was linear in the concentration range from 3 to 45,000 μg L-1 for GC–FID and from 0.1 to 500 μg L-1 for GC–MS, with a detection limit of 0.8 μg L-1 for GC–FID and 0.03 μg L-1 for GC–MS. The relative standard deviations (n = 6) as the intraday and interday precisions of the methadone spike at a concentration of 100 μg L-1 were 5.8% and 8.4% respectively for GC–FID. The preconcentration factor was 250. Relative recoveries from spiked plasma, urine, and water samples ranged from 95.1% to 101.5%.

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Acknowledgements

Support for this investigation by the Research Council of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14174, Iran

    Navid Lamei & Khosrou Abdi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Ezoddin

  3. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran

    Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani & Khosrou Abdi

Authors
  1. Navid Lamei
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  2. Maryam Ezoddin
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  3. Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
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  4. Khosrou Abdi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khosrou Abdi.

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Written informed consent was obtained from the healthy volunteer who donated urine samples. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization before collection and analysis of human blood samples.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Lamei, N., Ezoddin, M., Ardestani, M.S. et al. Dispersion of magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles coated with a deep eutectic solvent using ultrasound assistance for preconcentration of methadone in biological and water samples followed by GC–FID and GC–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 409, 6113–6121 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0547-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0547-8

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