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Modulation of the multidrug efflux pump EmrD-3 from Vibrio cholerae by Allium sativum extract and the bioactive agent allyl sulfide plus synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial susceptibility by A. sativum extract

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Abstract

The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, is a public health concern. Multidrug-resistant V. cholerae variants may reduce chemotherapeutic efficacies of severe cholera. We previously reported that the multidrug efflux pump EmrD-3 from V. cholerae confers resistance to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobials. Medicinal plant compounds are potential candidates for EmrD-3 efflux pump modulation. The antibacterial activities of garlic Allium sativum, although poorly understood, predicts that a main bioactive component, allyl sulfide, modulates EmrD-3 efflux. Thus, we tested whether A. sativum extract acts in synergy with antimicrobials and that a main bioactive component allyl sulfide inhibits EmrD-3 efflux. We found that A. sativum extract and allyl sulfide inhibited ethidium bromide efflux in cells harboring EmrD-3 and that A. sativum lowered the MICs of multiple antibacterials. We conclude that A. sativum and allyl sulfide inhibit EmrD-3 and that A. sativum extract synergistically enhances antibacterial agents.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Gary Calton for helpful comments. This work was supported by an Internal Research Grant (ENMU) and by the US Department of Education, HSI STEM, P031C110114.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, 88130, USA

    Merissa M. Bruns, Prathusha Kakarla, Jared T. Floyd, Mun Mun Mukherjee, Robert C. Ponce, John A. Garcia, Indrika Ranaweera, Leslie M. Sanford, Alberto J. Hernandez, T. Mark Willmon, Grace L. Tolson & Manuel F. Varela

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  1. Merissa M. Bruns
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  2. Prathusha Kakarla
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  3. Jared T. Floyd
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  12. Manuel F. Varela
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Correspondence to Manuel F. Varela.

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Communicated by Yusuf Akhter.

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Bruns, M.M., Kakarla, P., Floyd, J.T. et al. Modulation of the multidrug efflux pump EmrD-3 from Vibrio cholerae by Allium sativum extract and the bioactive agent allyl sulfide plus synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial susceptibility by A. sativum extract. Arch Microbiol 199, 1103–1112 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-017-1378-x

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