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Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens mediate M1 macrophage polarization in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages

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Abstract

Depending on the microenvironment, macrophages can acquire distinct functional phenotypes, referred to as classically activated M1 and M2. M1 macrophages are considered potent effector cells that kill intracellular pathogens, and M2 macrophages promote the resolution of wound healing. In this study, we are interested to know whether probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba) can induce macrophages polarization. Real-time fluorescence PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 genes for M1 macrophages was significantly increased at 1.5 h after probiotic Ba treatment compared to the probiotic Ba-free treatment (P < 0.01), whereas the expression of M2 macrophage marker genes (Arg1, Fizz1, MR, Ym1) was decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the phagocytic activity was dramatically increased in the Ba-treated BMDMs using a FITC-dextran endocytosis assay. Together, these findings indicated that probiotic Ba facilitated polarization of M1 macrophages and enhanced its phagocytic capacity. The results expanded our knowledge about probiotic function-involved macrophage polarization.

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Abbreviations

Ba:

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

NO:

Nitric oxide

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

MFI:

Mean fluorescence intensity

BMDMs:

Bone marrow-derived macrophages

FACS:

Flow cytometry

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Linrong Lu (Zhejiang University School of Medicine) for generous support and insightful guidance. This work was supported by the grants from the national 863 project (2013AA102803D) and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.20110101110101).

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The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China

    Jian Ji, Sheng-Lan Hu, Zhi-Wen Cui & Wei-Fen Li

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  1. Jian Ji
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  2. Sheng-Lan Hu
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  3. Zhi-Wen Cui
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  4. Wei-Fen Li
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei-Fen Li.

Additional information

Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Ji, J., Hu, SL., Cui, ZW. et al. Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens mediate M1 macrophage polarization in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Arch Microbiol 195, 349–356 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-013-0877-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-013-0877-7

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