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Correlations between bone mineral density and demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical variables in community-dwelling Japanese women 69 years of age and over

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Abstract

Introduction

A few epidemiologic studies have comprehensively attempted to identify risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical factors correlated with BMD in elderly Japanese women 69 years of age and over.

Methods

The study design was cross-sectional. The subjects were 583 ambulatory women aged 69 years and over, and their average age was 74.3 (SD 4.4) years. Predictor variables were age, reproductive history, anthropometric indices, grip strength, calcium intake, lifestyle information, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), osteocalcin (OC), and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) values. The outcome variable was forearm BMD measured with a DTX-200 osteometer.

Results

Simple linear regression analyses showed that BMD was significantly positively associated with body height, weight, body mass index, grip strength, serum albumin concentration, and “housework,” and negatively associated with age, years since menopause, age at menarche, number of children, serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration, serum OC concentration, and ucOC concentration. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that weight (β=0.00316, SE=0.00028, R2=0.180), age (β=−0.00321, SE=0.00050, R2=0.108), log-transformed serum OC (β=−0.0445, SE=0.0064, R2=0.053), log-transformed serum 1,25(OH)2D (β=−0.0401, SE=0.0074, R2=0.050), “farmwork” (β=0.00904, SE=0.00426, R2=0.005), and serum 25(OH)D concentration (β=0.000281, SE=0.000120, R2=0.003) were significantly associated with BMD.

Conclusion

It was concluded that body weight is a major predictor of forearm BMD among the factors measured in this study in independent Japanese women 69 years of age and over and that serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration may be associated with cortical BMD. Maintenance of body weight is very important for maintaining BMD in this population, unless a large weight aggravates obesity-related diseases. A follow-up study is needed to confirm these findings.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the staff of Muramatsu Health Center for their help in data collection. We are also indebted to Kyowa Medex Co. and Eisai Co. for the determinations of serum 25(OH)D and serum ucOC, respectively, and to Toyo Medic for their assistance in making the BMD measurements. This study was supported in part by a grant for scientific research relating to health promotion focusing on physical exercise from the Nakatomi Foundation (2003), a grant from the Japan Rheumatism Foundation (2003), a grant from the Japan Dairy Association (2004), and the Japan Osteoporosis Society Encouragement Award (2004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan

    K. Nakamura, Y. Okuda, Y. Tsuchiya, K. Muto & M. Yamamoto

  2. Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Niigata, 951-3198, Japan

    T. Saito

  3. Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-dori, Niigata, 951-8518, Japan

    T. Nishiwaki & K. Ueno

  4. Nagaoka Nursing School, Kamitomioka-cho 1961-21, Nagaoka, 940-2135, Japan

    M. Nashimoto

  5. Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Niigata, 951-3198, Japan

    R. Oshiki

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  1. K. Nakamura
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  2. T. Saito
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  3. T. Nishiwaki
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  4. K. Ueno
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  5. M. Nashimoto
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  6. Y. Okuda
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  7. Y. Tsuchiya
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  8. R. Oshiki
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  9. K. Muto
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  10. M. Yamamoto
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Nakamura.

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Nakamura, K., Saito, T., Nishiwaki, T. et al. Correlations between bone mineral density and demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical variables in community-dwelling Japanese women 69 years of age and over. Osteoporos Int 17, 1202–1207 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0132-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0132-z

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