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Potential host-related risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in Saudi women of childbearing age

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Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) in women may differ between individuals, age, and the community. This study aimed to evaluate host related risk factors for rUTI in sexually active Saudi women during the childbearing period.

Methods

A case–control study was conducted in five healthcare centers and included married, nonpregnant women aged 18–40 years. A total of 217 women had rUTI (cases) and 252 did not (controls). A validated questionnaire, with a face-to-face interview, was applied to assess various demographic, behavioral, medical, and sexual data. Additionally, a thorough physical examination, saliva and blood analyses, uroflowmetry, and genitourinary ultrasonography were performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant host related risk factors associated with rUTI.

Results

In multivariate analysis, attributable risks for rUTI were a history of childhood UTI [odds ratio (OR) = 6.8)] back-to-front douching/wiping after bowel movement (OR = 2.6), younger age at first intercourse (OR = 6.3), increased frequency of sexual intercourse (OR = 4.8), obstructed urinary flow (OR = 1.9), and genital prolapse (OR = 3.4). A total of 9.68 % of cases and none of the controls had high postvoid residual urine (positive predictive value for rUTI = 100 %).

Conclusions

This is the first reported study to evaluate host related risk factors for rUTI in childbearing-age women in Saudi Arabia. Study findings indicate the association between rUTI and various factors that have been already established, with addition of improper rectal hygiene as a potential risk for recurrence.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Elizabith C. Arrieta, Sophiamol Joseph, Glenalyn Z. Goyena and Maxshane Grace R. Mariano for technical assistance and reporting data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

    Abul-fotouh Abdel-maguid Ahmed

  2. Department of Urology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Abul-fotouh Abdel-maguid Ahmed

  3. Department of Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt

    Awatif Abdel-karim Solyman

  4. Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Sanaa Moharram Kamal

  5. Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Sanaa Moharram Kamal

Authors
  1. Abul-fotouh Abdel-maguid Ahmed
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  2. Awatif Abdel-karim Solyman
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  3. Sanaa Moharram Kamal
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Correspondence to Abul-fotouh Abdel-maguid Ahmed.

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Funding

The project was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University under the research project number 2015/03/3984.

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Ahmed, Af.Am., Solyman, A.Ak. & Kamal, S.M. Potential host-related risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in Saudi women of childbearing age. Int Urogynecol J 27, 1245–1253 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-016-2965-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-016-2965-0

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