Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of stress urinary incontinence among women at the age of 15 and above who applied to the primary health care centers in Ankara, Turkey. We applied the urinary stress incontinence questionnaire to 2,601 women at the age of 15 or above who consulted to the “mother–child health care and family planning centers” in January 2002. To evaluate the urinary incontinence status with respect to age groups and other risk factors, chi-square test was used. Stress incontinence prevalence was 16.1% in our population. Age was a statistically significant risk factor affecting the incidence of stress incontinence. As the number of gravida increases, the frequency of stress incontinence increases (p<0.05). Presence of a systemic disease was also an important risk factor (p<0.05). Alcohol use and smoking were not found to affect the incidence of urinary stress incontinence (p>0.05). As urinary incontinence greatly influences life quality and social and psychological status of the person, and also creates economic burden, predisposing factors of stress incontinence should be well defined and measures should be taken to encourage women experiencing this problem to visit a doctor and to get an efficient treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
International Continence Society Committee for the standardization of terminology of the lower urinary tract function (1990) Br J Obstet Gynaecol Suppl 6
Martin L, Pernoll MD, Ralph C, Benson MD (1987) Current obstetric and gynecologic diagnosis and treatment. Los Cartos, California
Newman KD, Dzurinko M, Diokno CA (1999) The urinary incontinence sourcebook. Los Angeles, California
Viktrup L, Lose G (2001) The risk of stress incontinence 5 years after delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:82–87
Viktrup L, Lose G, Rollf M, Barfood K (1992) The symptom of stress incontinence caused by pregnancy or delivery in primiparas. Obstet Gynecol 79:915–919
Sampselle CM, Delancey J, Ashton-Miller J (1996) Urinary incontinence in pregnancy and postpartum. Neurourol Urodyn 15:329–330
Hajberg K, Salvig JD, Winslaw NA, Lose G, Secher NJ (1999) Urinary incontinence: prevalence and risk factors at all 16 weeks of gestation. BJOG 106:812–850
Samuelsson CE, Victor AET, Svarddsudd EK (2000) Five-year incidence and remission rates of female urinary incontinence in a Swedish population less than 65 years old. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183:568–574
Kisnisci H, Göksin E, DurukanT, Ustay K, Ayhan A, Gürgan T, Onderoglu L (1996) Basic women rights and obstetrics. Ankara
Lambrou Nicholas C, Morse Abraham N, Wallach Edward E (1999) The Johns Hopkins manual of gynecology and obstetrics. Baltimore, Maryland
Harvey M, Krisjansson MA, Griffith D, Versi E (2001) The incontinence impact questionnaire and the urogenital distress inventory: a revisit of their validity in women without a urodynamic diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:25–31
Maral I, Ozkardes H, Peskircioglu L Bumin MA (2001) Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in both sexes at or after age 15 years: a cross-sectional study. J Urol 165:408–412
Cheater FM, Castleden CM (2000) Epidemiology and classification of urinary incontinence. Baillie`res Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 14:183–205
Melville JL, Katon W, Delaney K, Newton K (2005) Urinary incontinence in US women: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 165(5):537–542
Song YF, Zhang WJ, Song J, Xu B (2005) Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in Fuzhou Chinese women. Chin Med J (Engl) 118(11):887–892
Peyrat L, Haillot O, Bruyere F, Boutin JM, Bertrand P, Lanson Y (2002) Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in young women Prog Urol 12(1):52–59
Hunskaar S, Arnold EP, Burgio K, Diokno AC, Herzog AR, Malett VT (1999) Epidemiology and natural history of urinary incontinence. In: Abrams P, Khoury S, Wein A (eds) Incontinence, 1st international consultation on incontinence, Monaco 1998. Health Publication, Plymouth, pp 204–205
Streiner DL, Norman GR (1995) Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. Oxford, UK
Ozerdogan N, Beji NK, Yalcin O (2004) Urinary incontinence: its prevalence, risk factors and effects on the quality of life of women living in a region of Turkey. Gynecol Obstet Invest 58(3):145–150
Kocak I, Okyay P, Dundar M, Erol H, Beser E (2005) Female urinary incontinence in the West of Turkey: prevalence, risk factors and impact on quality of life. Eur Urol 48(4):634–341
Minassian VA, Drutz HP, Al-Badr A (2003) Urinary incontinence as a worldwide problem. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 82(3):327–338
Burgio K, Matthews K, Angel B (1991) Prevalence, incidence and correlates of UI in healthy, middle aged women. J Urol 146:1255–1259
Pannil F (1993) Urinary incontinence for the primary care physician. Conn Med 57:299–308
Turan C, Zorlu C, Ekin M et al (1996) Urinary incontinence in women of reproductive age. Gynecol Obstet Invest 41:132
Hannestad YS, Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hunskaar S (2003) Are smoking and other lifestyle factors associated with female urinary incontinence? The Norwegian EPINCONT study. BJOG 110(3):247–254
Robinson D, Toozs-Hobson P (2001) Detrusor instability. Curr Obstet Gynaecol 11:344–352
Palmer MH, Fitzgerald S, Berry SJ, Hart K (1999) Urinary incontinence in working women: an exploratory study. Women Health 29(3):7–81
Rekers H, Droendijk AC, Valkenburg H, Riphagen F (1992) Urinary incontinence in women from 35 to 79 years of age: prevalence and consequences. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 43:229–234
Jolleys JV (1988) Reported prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in a general practice. Br Med J 296:1300–1302
Norton PA, MacDonald LD, Sedgwick PM, Stanton SL (1988) Distress and delay associated with urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency in women. Br Med J 297:1187–1189
Simeonova Z, Bengtsson C (1990) Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women at a Swedish primary health care center. Scand J Prim Health Care 8:203–206
Gjoup T, Hendriksen C, Lund E, Stromgard E (1987) Is growing old a disease? A study of the attitudes of elderly people to physical symptoms. J Chronic Dis 40:1095–1098
Sandwik H, Hunskaar S (1995) The epidemiology of pad consumption and community dwelling incontinent women. J Aging Health 7:417–426
Sandwik H, Hunskaar S (1993) Incontinence pads prevalence of use and individual consumption. Scand J Soc Med 21:120–121
Brown JS, Seeley DG, Fong J, Black DM, Ensrud KE, Grady D (1996) Urinary incontinence in older women: who is at risk? Obstet Gynecol 87:715–721
Fantl JA, Bump RC, Robinson D, McClish DK, Wyman JF (1996) Estrogen therapy in the management of urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 88(1):12–18
Oskay UY, Beji NK, Yalcin O (2005) A study on urogenital complaints of postmenopausal women aged 50 and over. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 84(1):72–78
Mason L, Glenn S, Walton I, Aplleton C (1999) The experience of stress incontinence after childbirth. Birth September 26:3
Melville JL, Walker E, Katon W, Lentz G, Millern J, Fenner D (2002) Prevalence of comorbid psychiatric illness and its impact on symptom perception, quality of life, and functional status in women with urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:80–87
Dugan E, Cohen SJ, Bland DR, Preisser JS, Davis CC, Suggs PK et al (2000) The association of depressive symptoms and urinary incontinence among older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:413–416
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Biri, A., Durukan, E., Maral, I. et al. Incidence of stress urinary incontinence among women in Turkey. Int Urogynecol J 17, 604–610 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-006-0074-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-006-0074-1