Abstract
The present paper provides an overview on the design of a new Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) system, the Satellite Observing System Wettzell (SOS-W). It pays special attention on the local survey, the determination and monitoring of the ties between the established Wettzell Laser Ranging System (WLRS) and the SOS-W. We also introduce an alternative normal point algorithm, which demonstrated fewer systematics in the resulting normal point statistics compared to the standard approach of iterative data editing. Having two highly productive SLR stations on site allows for a rigorous comparison between local survey derived ties and space segment derived ties. One-year observations to the Laser Geodynamic Satellite (LAGEOS) have been processed, and a multitude of different solutions has been calculated. The results show agreement in the sub-millimeter range with respect to the local survey.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altamimi Z, Rebischung P, M’etivier L, Collilieux X (2016) ITRF2014: a new release of the international terrestrial reference frame modeling nonlinear station motions. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 121(8):6109–6131
Arnold D (2001) Wavelength dependence of range correction. In: Proceedings of the 13th international laser ranging workshop, Washington D.C
Bettadpur S, Ries J, Eanes R, Nagel P, Pie N, Poole S, Richter T, Save H (2015) Evaluation of the GGM05 mean earth gravity models. In: Geophysical research abstracts, vol 17, EGU2015-4153, 2015, Vienna, Austria
Bloßfeld M (2015) The key role of Satellite Laser Ranging towards the integrated estimation of geometry, rotation and gravitational field of the Earth. Dissertation, Technische Universität München and Reihe C der Deutschen Geodätischen Kommission (ISBN: 978-3-7696-5157-7)
Gerstl M (1997) Parameterschätzung in DOGS-OC. In: DGFI Interner Bericht, MG/01/1996/DGFI, 2nd edition (in German)
https://ilrs.cddis.eosdis.nasa.gov/network/site_information/CofM_correction_overview.html. Accessed 16 Feb 2018
Klügel T, Mähler S, Schade C (2012) Ground survey and local ties at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell. In: Proceedings 17th international workshop on laser ranging. Mitt. BKG, Frankfurt, vol 48, pp 127–131
Kodet J, Schreiber KU, Eckl J, Plötz C, Mähler S, Schüler T, Klügel T, Riepl S (2018) Co-location of space geodetic techniques carried out at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell using a closure in time and a multi-technique reference target. J Geodesy 92:1394–1432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1105-z
Lösler M (2009) New mathematical model for reference point determination of an Azimuth-elevation type radio telescope. J Surv Eng 135(4):131–135 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000010
Lösler M (2015) Java graticule 3D (JAG3D) v3.5.20151108, freie Netzausgleichungssoftware, unter. http://derletztekick.com/software/netzausgleichung. Accessed 2 Mar 2015
Meuschke A, Schnabel K, Liebsch G (2010) Bericht zur Messung und Auswertung des Stationsnetzes Wettzell in Lage und Höhe im Zeitraum von Januar 2009 bis September 2009. Internal Report, BKG, Wettzell
Nothnagel A, Steinforth C, Binnenbruck B, Bockmann L, Grimstveit L (2001) Results of the 2000 Ny-lesund Local Survey. In: Behrend D, Rius A (eds) Proceedings of the 15th European VLBI for geodesy and astrometry (EVGA) working meeting, IEEC, pp 168–176
Otsubo T (2017). http://geo.science.hit-u.ac.jp/slr/bias/2017sp/SortRms7.pdf. Accessed 30 Nov 2017
Otsubo T, Appleby G (2003) System-dependet center-of-mass correction for spherical geodetic satellites. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 108(B4):2201
Pearlman MR, Degnan JJ, Bosworth JM (2002) The international laser ranging service. Adv Space Res 30(2):135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00277-6
Petit P, Luzum B (eds) (2010) IERS Conventions (2010), IERS technical note No. 36. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie
Riepl S et al (2004) The SOS-W—a two colour kilohertz SLR system. In: Proceedings of the international laser ranging workshop, San Fernando, Spain
Riepl S, Schlüter W (2001) Normal point algorithm for reduction of two colour SLR observations. In: Pavlis EC, Schreiber U (eds) Surv Geophys, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht
Riepl S, Plötz C, Zeitlhöfler R, Nothnagel A (2011) The photoconductive antenna—a new device for spacegeodetic applications. In: Proceedings of the international laser ranging workshop, Bad Kötzting, Germany
Rodriguez J (2017) Private communication
Schlüter W, Zernecke R, Becker S, Klügel T, Thaller D (2005) Local Ties between the Reference Points at the Fundamentalstation Wettzell, IERS Technical Note No. 33, pp 64–70, Frankfurt
Schreiber KU, Kodet J (2018) The application of coherent local time for optical time transfer and the quantification of systematic errors in satellite laser ranging. Space Sci Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0457-2
Wiener N (1942) The interpolation, extrapolation and smoothing of stationary time series. Report of the Services 19, research project DIC-6037 MIT
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank J. Rodriguez from the NERC space geodetic facility for providing the LAGEOS transfer function.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Riepl, S., Müller, H., Mähler, S. et al. Operating two SLR systems at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell: from local survey to space ties. J Geod 93, 2379–2387 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01243-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01243-z