Skip to main content
Log in

Hot-wire GTAW cladding: inconel 625 on 347 stainless steel

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Gas tungsten arc (GTA) cladding has been widely applied in surface modification and repairing. In this study, low current gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) cladding in the range of 60 to 100 A was performed with resistively heating hot-wire filler Inconel alloy (IN625) on the 347 stainless steel substrate. A 70 A or more primary current can be used to clad a continuous and uniform layer on the substrate by resistively heating the wire and varying the torch angle. Lower dilution and higher contact angle were observed for lower current clad. An analytical model has been used to understand the resistively heating hot-wire effect. The microstructure of the clad bead and the substrate was analyzed. A heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking was observed in the higher range of primary current. An EDX analysis was performed to reveal iron (Fe) elemental dilution and elemental segregation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Xu G, Kutsuna M, Liu Z, Yamada K (2006) Comparison between diode laser and tig cladding of co-based alloys on the sus403 stainless steel. Surf Coat Technol 201(3-4):1138–1144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Silwal B, Santangelo M (2018) Effect of vibration and hot-wire gas tungsten arc (gta) on the geometric shape. J Mater Process Technol 251:138–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Källqvist J, Andrén H O (1999) Microanalysis of a stabilised austenitic stainless steel after long term ageing. Mater Sci Eng A 270(1):27–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lippold J, Baeslack W, Varol I (1988) Heat-affected zone liquation cracking in austenitic and duplex stainless steels. Weld J (USA) 71(1):1

    Google Scholar 

  5. Abioye T, McCartney D, Clare A (2015) Laser cladding of inconel 625 wire for corrosion protection. J Mater Process Technol 217:232–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Adamiec J (2009) High temperature corrosion of power boiler components cladded with nickel alloys. Mater Charact 60(10):1093–1099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dinda G, Dasgupta A, Mazumder J (2009) Laser aided direct metal deposition of inconel 625 superalloy: microstructural evolution and thermal stability. Mater Sci Eng A 509(1-2):98–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Abioye T, Folkes J, Clare A (2013) A parametric study of inconel 625 wire laser deposition. J Mater Process Technol 213(12):2145–2151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sandhu SS, Shahi A (2016) Metallurgical, wear and fatigue performance of inconel 625 weld claddings. J Mater Process Technol 233:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Pajukoski H, Näkki J, Thieme S, Tuominen J, Nowotny S, Vuoristo P (2016) High performance corrosion resistant coatings by novel coaxial cold-and hot-wire laser cladding methods. J Laser Appl 28(1):012011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lv S, Xu Z, Wang H, Yang S (2008) Investigation on tig cladding of copper alloy on steel plate. Sci Technol Weld Join 13(1):10–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Günther K, Bergmann JP, Suchodoll D (2018) Hot wire-assisted gas metal arc welding of hypereutectic fecrc hardfacing alloys: microstructure and wear properties. Surf Coat Technol 334:420–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. RolledAlloys (2011) Data sheet. https://www.rolledalloys.com/shared-content/technical-resources/datasheets/347_DS_US_EN.pdf, Accessed: 2018-11-30

  14. RolledAlloys (2011) Data sheet. https://www.rolledalloys.com/shared-content/technical-resources/datasheets/625_DS_US_EN.pdf, Accessed: 2018-11-30

  15. Parvez S, Abid M, Nash D, Fawad H, Galloway A (2012) Effect of torch angle on arc properties and weld pool shape in stationary gtaw. J Eng Mech 139(9):1268–1277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hori K, Watanabe H, Myoga T, Kusano K (2004) Development of hot wire tig welding methods using pulsed current to heat filler wire–research on pulse heated hot wire tig welding processes. Weld Int 18(6):456–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wei H, Zhang Y, Tan L, Zhong Z (2015) Energy efficiency evaluation of hot-wire laser welding based on process characteristic and power consumption. J Clean Prod 87:255–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. David S, Babu S, Vitek J (2003) Welding: solidification and microstructure. Jom 55(6):14–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Xu X, Mi G, Chen L, Xiong L, Jiang P, Shao X, Wang C (2017) Research on microstructures and properties of inconel 625 coatings obtained by laser cladding with wire. J Alloys Compd 715: 362–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Feng K, Chen Y, Deng P, Li Y, Zhao H, Lu F, Li R, Huang J, Li Z (2017) Improved high-temperature hardness and wear resistance of inconel 625 coatings fabricated by laser cladding. J Mater Process Technol 243:82–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kou S (2003) Welding metallurgy, New Jersey, USA pp 431–446

  22. Li L, Messler RW (2002) Dissolution kinetics of nbc particles in the heat-affected zone of type 347 austenitic stainless steel. Metall and Mater Trans A 33(7):2031–2042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Fukunaga T, Kaneko K, Kawano R, Ueda K, Yamada K, Nakada N, Kikuchi M, Barnard JS, Midgley PA (2014) Formation of intergranular m23c6 in sensitized type-347 stainless steel. ISIJ Int 54(1):148–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bai G, Li Y, Lu S (2018) Localized liquation and resultant pitting corrosion behavior of welding coarse-grained heat-affected zone in niobium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel. J Electrochem Soc 165(11):C722–C731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Abioye T, Farayibi P, McCartney D, Clare A (2016) Effect of carbide dissolution on the corrosion performance of tungsten carbide reinforced inconel 625 wire laser coating. J Mater Process Technol 231:89–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. Frank Qualls for helping and obtaining SEM and EDX results. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Michael Santangelo for providing the welding supplies and for a thoughtful discussion.

Funding

This work has been financially supported by Georgia Southern Office of Research Services and Sponsored Programs (ORSSP).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bishal Silwal.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Silwal, B., Walker, J. & West, D. Hot-wire GTAW cladding: inconel 625 on 347 stainless steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 102, 3839–3848 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03448-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03448-0

Keywords

Navigation