Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Untersuchung der fetalen kardialen Funktion mithilfe spezieller Ultraschalltechniken hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Hintergründig steht zum einen die frühzeitige Erfassung einer subklinischen kardialen Dysfunktion bei perinatalen Risikokonstellationen mit möglicher Auswirkung auf die fetale Hämodynamik und Mortalität. Zum anderen erlaubt die kardiale Funktionsanalyse die Detektion eines funktionellen kardialen Remodeling im Sinne der intrauterinen Grundsteinlegung für spätere kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen.
Ziel der Arbeit
In dieser Übersicht sollen gängige Messmethoden (Doppler basierend und Doppler unabhängig) zur Bestimmung der fetalen kardialen Funktion sowie deren klinischen Anwendungsgebiete dargestellt werden. Zur Vertiefung soll das konkrete messtechnische Vorgehen schrittweise erläutert und pathophysiologische Aspekte in den Messergebnissen beleuchtet werden.
Durch die Untersuchung der fetalen kardialen Funktion bei Risiko-Schwangerschaften können Informationen über ein intrauterin stattfindendes kardiales Remodeling mit möglicher Auswirkung auf das kurz- und langfristige perinatale Outcome gewonnen werden. Inwieweit die ursprünglich aus der Erwachsenenkardiologie stammenden Messtechniken Einzug in die klinische Routine finden, hängt von ihrer Reproduzierbarkeit, Vorhersagekraft sowie technischen Limitationen ab.
Abstract
Background
The assessment of fetal cardiac function using novel ultrasound techniques has become increasingly more important in recent years. The early detection of subclinical cardiac dysfunction in perinatal risk constellations with a possible impact on the fetal hemodynamics and mortality is enigmatic; however, the analysis of cardiac function also enables the detection of a functional cardiac remodeling in the sense of laying the intrauterine foundations for later cardiovascular diseases.
Objective
In this overview the commonly used measurement methods for determining fetal cardiac function (Doppler-based and Doppler independent) and their clinical areas of application are presented. To go into detail, the concrete measurement procedure is explained step by step and the pathophysiological aspects of the measurement results are highlighted. By examination of fetal cardiac function in high-risk pregnancies, information can be obtained about intrauterine cardiac remodeling with a possible impact on the short-term and long-term perinatal outcome. The extent to which the measurement techniques originally derived from adult cardiology are used in the clinical routine depends on their reproducibility, predictive power and technical limitations.
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C. Enzensberger ist Mitglied der fetalHQ focus group. O. Graupner gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
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Jan Weichert, Lübeck
Ulrich Gembruch, Bonn
Klaus Diedrich, Lübeck
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Graupner, O., Enzensberger, C. Kardiale Funktionsanalyse beim Feten: Schritt für Schritt. Gynäkologe 55, 7–13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-021-04889-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-021-04889-z
Schlüsselwörter
- Hochrisikoschwangerschaft
- Remodeling des Ventrikels
- Fetales Herz
- Echokardiographie
- Fetale Programmierung