Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Immobilisation of Cu, Pb and Zn in Scrap Metal Yard Soil Using Selected Waste Materials

  • Published:
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Immobilisation of heavy metals in a 30-year old active scrap metal yard soil using three waste materials, namely coconut tree sawdust (CTS), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and eggshell (ES) was investigated. The contaminated soil was amended with amendments at application rates of 0 %, 1 % and 3 % (w/w). The effects of amendments on metal accumulation in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and soil metal bioavailability were studied in a pot experiment. All amendments increased biomass yield and reduced metal accumulation in the plant shoots. The bioconcentration factor and translocation factor values of the metals were in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb. The addition of ES, an alternative source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), has significantly increased soil pH and resulted in marked reduction in soil metal bioavailability. Therefore, CTS, SB and ES are promising low-cost immobilising agents to restore metal contaminated land.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Cui Y, Wang Q, Dong Y, Li H, Christie P (2004) Enhanced uptake of soil Pb and Zn by Indian mustard and winter wheat following combined soil application of elemental sulphur and EDTA. Plant Soil 261:181–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferber U, Grimski D (2002) Brownfields and redevelopment of urban areas. Report from the Contaminated Land Rehabilitation Network for Environmental Technologies

  • Gee G, Bauder JW (1986) Particle size analysis. In: Klute A (ed) Methods of soil analysis. Part I. Physical and mineralogical methods. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 383–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu X, Yuan X, Dong L (2014) Coal fly ash and straw immobilize Cu, Cd and Zn from mining wasteland. Environ Chem Lett 12:289–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen JK, Holm PE, Nejrup J, Larsen MB, Borggaard OK (2009) The potential of willow for remediation of heavy metal polluted calcareous urban soils. Environ Pollut 157:931–937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A (2011) Trace elements in soils and plants, 4th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanwal U, Ali S, Shakoor MB, Farid M, Hussain S, Yasmeen T, Adrees M, Bharwana SA, Abbas F (2014) EDTA ameliorates phytoextraction of lead and plant growth by reducing morphological and biochemical injuries in Brassica napus L. under lead stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:9899–9910

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamoto K (2009) Infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds. Part B: applications in coordination, organometallic, and bioinorganic chemistry. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1996) Nitrogen-total. In: Sparks DL (ed) Method of soil analysis: chemical methods. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 1201–1229

    Google Scholar 

  • Parry J (2009) Hundreds of Chinese children are left poisoned as metal smelting plants are ordered to close. BMJ 339:475

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumner ME, Miller WP (1996) Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. In: Sparks DL (ed) Method of soil analysis: chemical methods. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 1031–1075

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu XZ, Wang DQ, Zhang XH (2014) Chelator-induced phytoextraction of zinc and copper by rice seedlings. Ecotoxicol 23:749–756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou H, Zhou X, Zeng M, Liao BH, Liu L, Yang WT, Wu YM, Qiu QY, Wang YJ (2014) Effects of combined amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted on contaminated paddy soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 101:226–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Malaysia under Research Grant GPU 2013-0120-102-01 and Ministry of Education Malaysia under Research Grant RACE 2012-0150-108-62.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia

    A. Kamari, W. P. Putra, S. N. M. Yusoff, N. Hashim, A. Mohamed, I. M. Isa & S. A. Bakar

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    C. F. Ishak

Authors
  1. A. Kamari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. P. Putra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. N. M. Yusoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. C. F. Ishak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. N. Hashim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. A. Mohamed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. I. M. Isa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. S. A. Bakar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Kamari.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that they have performed experiments that comply with the current laws of Malaysia.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kamari, A., Putra, W.P., Yusoff, S.N.M. et al. Immobilisation of Cu, Pb and Zn in Scrap Metal Yard Soil Using Selected Waste Materials. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 95, 790–795 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1650-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1650-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation