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Social networks, mental health problems, and mental health service utilization in OEF/OIF National Guard veterans

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Abstract

Purpose

Low social support and small social network size have been associated with a variety of negative mental health outcomes, while their impact on mental health services use is less clear. To date, few studies have examined these associations in National Guard service members, where frequency of mental health problems is high, social support may come from military as well as other sources, and services use may be suboptimal.

Methods

Surveys were administered to 1448 recently returned National Guard members. Multivariable regression models assessed the associations between social support characteristics, probable mental health conditions, and service utilization.

Results

In bivariate analyses, large social network size, high social network diversity, high perceived social support, and high military unit support were each associated with lower likelihood of having a probable mental health condition (p < .001). In adjusted analyses, high perceived social support (OR .90, CI .88–.92) and high unit support (OR .96, CI .94–.97) continued to be significantly associated with lower likelihood of mental health conditions. Two social support measures were associated with lower likelihood of receiving mental health services in bivariate analyses, but were not significant in adjusted models.

Conclusions

General social support and military-specific support were robustly associated with reduced mental health symptoms in National Guard members. Policy makers, military leaders, and clinicians should attend to service members’ level of support from both the community and their units and continue efforts to bolster these supports. Other strategies, such as focused outreach, may be needed to bring National Guard members with need into mental health care.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service, RRP 09-420 and SDP 10-047; the Welcome Back Veterans Initiative, the McCormick Foundation, and Families and Communities Together Coalition of Michigan State University. Writing of this manuscript was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Academic Affiliations, Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment, the Veterans Affairs Serious Mental Illness Treatment Resource and Evaluation Center (SMITREC) and the Mental Health Service of the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System.

Ethical standards

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Department of Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System and was therefore performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Data were collected under an approved waiver of written informed consent.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Correspondence to Rebecca K. Sripada.

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Sripada, R.K., Bohnert, A.S.B., Teo, A.R. et al. Social networks, mental health problems, and mental health service utilization in OEF/OIF National Guard veterans. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 50, 1367–1378 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1078-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1078-2

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